Tardigrade Research Paper

1The isopods will gather in the wetter environment instead of the dry environment. 2The isopods will have an affinity to a more basic region than an acidic region. 3The isopods will tend to gather in the environment with a greater amount of light, than an environment with no light. 4The isopods will take a liking to a warmer temperature environment than a cooler temperature environment.By looking at the data you can see that there is a preference among isopods to favor an environment that is cold, wet, basic, and dark. We included the observed data as well as the expected data. Our expected data show what the information would look like if it came from a null universe. To come from a null universe means that the data will have no difference,

Adaptive radiation of different organisms have occurred throughout geological time through the filling of ecological niches. Organisms different from one another are capable of radiating greatly, as they evolve traits that allow them to thrive better in their environment. The Anolis lizards of the Caribbean islands are a great example of a single genus to have radiated not once, but multiple times through very similar mechanisms. Different populations of the Anolis phenotypically vary in their morphological traits to facilitate adaptation to particular niches. These phenotypic variations have evolved in convergence in more than one occasion, as recently discovered fossil specimens show similar patterns in morphology to modern Anolis.

In this lab, we studied the health and response of a protist community in an environmental change. The objective of this lab was to study and learn about how variables, such as a more acidic environment, impact the community in a habitat. Furthermore, it was also to learn about how diversity is quantified. To test this, we added protist communities to habitats of different pH levels, from 7 to 4, and let them live there for a week. We then studied the results and investigated which protists lived better in which environments. We discovered that at a pH of 7, the neutral pH of spring water, protists were able to live. As the pH was decreased, however, protists began to die off and could not survive in such acidic conditions. We also noticed that the lower the pH, the lower the diversity because fewer types of protists could survive. We can use this information to see how acidic conditions in nature such as those caused by acid rain can affect communities. We now know that an acidic environment can be extremely harmful to a community and so we should be more cautious of acid rain. If acidic conditions are bad for protists, it is quite possible that they are unfavorable for humans as well.

Adaptations in terrestrial environments involve the structural and functional qualities of the organism, to achieve the adequate intake of oxygen and other essential substances for the animal to survive, the evolution of more complex anatomical structures were required. Gravity is stronger on land than water, which means terrestrial organisms have to be more structural than aquatic organisms. Also, the balance of gas exchange with water loss is a key feature to survive in land. For example plants, when doing photosynthesis require carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen, at the end of this process a lot of water is lost and terrestrial plants have to compensate the water being lost and the water taken from soil. Furthermore, the dispersal of gametes by wind or other animals have helped plants reproduce in large amounts and create varieties of species of the same kind. Short-term weather patterns as well as long-term climate conditions based on precipitations, temperature, wind, humidity as well as other factors are survival obstacles that organisms in land have to adapt to live; endothermic organisms have to maintain a constant internal

Parus bicolor, commonly known as the tufted titmouse is a small bird species native to many places in North America. The taxonomy for the tufted titmouse follows this hierarchy: Kingdom Animalia, Family Parade, Genus Parus, and species Paris bicolor. Originally, the tufted titmouse only inhabited few areas of the around the South East, and slowly the species migrated up the East Coast, and even a few subspecies have developed in Texas. They thrive best in woodlands, swamps, river basins, and other vegetative areas. Occupying the tops of many deciduous trees, the Tufted Titmouse offers many positive factors to an ecosystem.

Daphnia magna also commonly known as water fleas are tiny freshwater crustaceans. They are filter feeders, and can survive in culture by eating algae, bacteria, or yeast. They feed plankton and detritus. There are about 1.5-5mm long. Daphnia Magna have a brood chamber where eggs are located. Daphnia magna are located in freshwater areas throughout northern hemisphere and south Africa.

Given these simple characteristics, isopods are of great and easy use for scientific studies. The goal of the first experiment was to determine whether or not isopods prefer a moist environment or a dry environment. This led to the hypothesis that isopods have a preference between wet or dry environments;

In the past we have tried to contain these Cane Toads by setting up traps in the dry-seson however many blue tongue lizard got caught in them. They also tried to set up fences around areas that only have 1 or 2 freshwater lakes in them so that the babies cannot walk away from the area. This worked but we cannot simply fence up all the water sources in the top half of Australia. But I think we should create a poison on the cane toads. Because the other thing that eats Cane Toads is Cane Toads; therefore if we create a poisson on them we are able to get rid of many toads. The first step in creating this plan would be to make the poission. Secondly we would give the poison in a syringe to every homeowner in Northern Queensland so that they can

My trip to the La Brea Tar Pits, taught me of the biodiversity that was within California, from the Columbian Mammoths, Shasta Ground Sloth, Dire Wolves, and Sabretooth Cats. The museum emphasized that most of the extinct animals that were on display were extinct due to climate change or hunted by the earliest tribes throughout California and North America. The museum points out that most of these animals were large, but doesn’t show the reason as to why the larger animals went extinct, but the smaller animals survived the extinction. The museum also mentions that night-stalking animals weren’t found in the pits as during the cool temperatures throughout the evening would solidify the asphalt. This extinction was known as the Pleistocene

An example of an invasive species is “Cane Toad.” The cane toad was supposed to get rid of sugar cane pest, but then it came a pest. It only has a few predators outside from where it lives.But when animals try to eat it a discharge of poison goes on it’s skin and the predator gets poisoned and dies in a few minutes.Also it has been released into out of zoos on purpose.The cane toad used to live in South America and mainland middle of America, now it has been moved to Oceania and the Caribbean also North Australia.What people do is they eat toad and make soup of their eggs but this ends up killing them.

The cane toad, also known as rhinella marina, got its bad reputation soon after being released into the Australian ecosystem in 1935 with the expectation that it would control the destructive cane beetle population. However, instead of controlling pests, the cane toad became a pest of its own. About 3,000 cane toads were released in the sugarcane plantations of north Queensland in 1935. There are now more than a million cane toads and their still expanding over an area of thousands of square kilometres in northeastern Australia. They are large, amphibians with dry, warty skin, and are native to the southern United States, Central America, and tropical South America. Their numbers are controllable in their normal range, but they have boomed

All living things respond to stimuli, including animals. In our experiment, we tested how roly-polies, or pill bugs, respond to two types of material: wet sand and wet dirt. Pill bugs are isopods, a group of 10,000 species living on land and in fresh water and ocean. They are under the phylum Arthropoda, class Crustacea, containing both crabs and shrimp. Pill bugs generally live in dark, moist environments with the decaying matter they eat.

Biologists, suited in wetsuits and snorkels, gently lift a large rock underwater before poking a dive light into the crevice. Two small eyes peek out at them, a wide grin and a flattened wrinkled body floating and bobbing with the current. The Eastern Hellbender, ancient giant salamanders that have roamed the Earth for millions of years, living dinosaurs that roam the bottom of non-polluted streams and shallow rivers preying on crawfish and earthworms.

Tardigens are usually the first living creatures on new lands, even though humans claim all the glories Tardigrades are actually the first to land on the new land even if its a harsh land. They can live in as cold as minus 328 degrees Fahrenheit or highs of more than 300 degrees F (148.9 C), according to Smithsonian magazine. Not even radiation, boiling liquids, massive amounts of pressure of us to six times the pressure of the deepest part of the ocean and even the vacuum of space without any protection can harm the (for a good 10 days at least). Even though tardigrades can live just about anywhere they prefer to live in moist environments such as lakes, moss,

Fossils show that tardigrade has been around for the past 530 million years, and it has managed to survive through all five mass extinction events that the world has seen. With the ability to halt their metabolism for decades at a time tardigrade have an impressive way to survive. Cryptobiosis has yet another less expected benefit for the tardigrade. When in its dehydrated form the organism's DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) breaks down into smaller fragments. As the organism rehydrates its nucleus isn't fully formed and is susceptible to taking in foreign DNA. Sequencing tardigrades genome has revealed that roughly 17 percent of its DNA comes from other organisms like bacteria, plants, fungi and archaea. This horizontal gene transfer like all mutations is a random process and not all mutations will be beneficial but it is strongly suspected this explains the extremophile nature of the tardigrade. (Mcdonald, 2015)