Tarraway Water Journey

The water has a layer of slime on the top of it, and it is very murky which makes even

Human activities such as the use of fertilizers in yard soil contribute to the accumulation of nutrients. When using fertilizers, the ground can only absorb so much. The use of excess fertilizers on crops allows for nitrogen to vaporize in the atmosphere through a process called volatilization (Olascoaga, 2010). Crop fertilizer also leaches nitrogen into groundwater, which eventually ends up in the ocean. When the ground is at its maximum absorbance, high concentration levels are obtained and carried through the waste system into rivers. Another factor is sewage from the increasing human population. Septic tanks are widely used unless a household is connected to wastewater treatment plants. Septic tanks purify waste by leaching the waste through soil. Storm water runoff is another source of nutrient for algal blooms. Rainfall picks up nutrients from yards and flushes these nutrients into

The first stage involves the removal of solid and liquid particles through filtration. Sydney Water mainly uses ferric chloride to prevent the recurrence of murky water. They also use small amounts of long chain polymers (polyelectrolyte) as a secondary coagulant. It is then followed by the inactivation of microorganisms; to which all monitored filtering plants uses a strong oxidant for disinfection (in Sydney Water, chlorine is used). The last stage involves the addition of fluoride to the water to fulfil the requirements of the Fluoridation of Public Water Supplies Act 1957. This, along with the added lime and carbon dioxide, reduces the corrosivity of

Another common remediation technique is stabilization or solidification which aims to alter the contaminants into a less soluble or mobile form (Wuana and Okieimen, 2011; Mulligan, Yong, and Gibbs, 2001; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1991). In both methods water and a site-specific chemical solution is mixed into the soil to either alter its physical - make it less soluble - or chemical - reduce mobility - properties to make it less likely that the contaminants will move into other locations or be inhaled (Wuana and Okieimen, 2011; Mulligan, Yong, and Gibbs, 2001). Chemical treatment can also fall under the umbrella term of stabilization. Chemical treatment is add chemical solutions to the soil to detoxify the soil and can be used as a pre-treatment for other techniques such as solidification (Wuana and Okieimen, 2011; Mulligan, Yong, and Gibbs, 2001). These techniques are typically preferred due to lower costs but other physical elements of the soil, such as boulders, can make mixing the soil difficult and the process can volatilize and release volatile compounds (Mulligan, Yong, and Gibbs, 2001; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1991). Mobility of contaminants can also be reduced by using the technique of vitrification through the process of heating up the soil (Wuana and Okieimen, 2011; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1991). This method results

Chambers is working to develop a proprietary blend of PHA and other chemicals that will be spun into the fibrous mat for testing in Crim Dell this coming summer. Once the mat is created, it will be placed at the groundwater inlet to the sedimentation basin, where nitrate-rich water discharges into Crim Dell. I will set up automated water samplers upstream and downstream of the PHA mat, which will collect water continuously at pre-set time intervals. These water samples will be collected each week for analysis at the Keck Lab for nitrate, ammonium, and dissolved phosphate using standard spectrophotometric methods. I expect to show that dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus are removed from the water column prior to discharge into Crim Dell, thereby improving water

Something as simple as a well transform a person’s life. Natalia, a young girl about 13, started her day before the sun came up trekking into fields where snakes lerked just to get water! Her journey would last many hours and her destination wasn’t the best either. She was going to a small, muddy river to get water for her family so they could survive. After filling up her jerry can, that when full could weigh almost 20 pounds, she carried it back to the village. The water was grey and carried bacteria and sicknesses. According to the article THIRST “ She had been making this trip two times a day, seven days a week, since she was 10 years old,” but in 2014 a team called Charity: Water rolled into Natalia’s village and tapped into a underground

The compounds are separated by collecting aliquots of the column effluent as a function of time.

Air stripping removes contaminants by pumping contaminated water and evaporating the bad chemicals. However, it can take up to a year to have any effect on cleaning the water (Safewater). Activated carbon filtration bring pollutants through its system and collects them, but it needs to be changed frequently, have the possibility of taking a long time to work, and are very expensive (Safewater). Bioremediation is using microorganism to digest contaminants, but again has the possibility of taking a long time, yet is very inexpensive (Safewater). Phytoremediation involves using plants and trees to remove contaminants with their roots and is all natural, but it takes a very long time and the various plants or trees that are introduced can have negative effects on the ecosystems (Safewater). Wetlands and algae is similar to phytoremediation and is already used in wetland habitats for the same purpose of pollution removal. Lastly, chemical oxidation uses oxidants to change harmful chemicals into less harmful chemicals in a semi-timely manner, but it is expensive. Comparatively, Asiatic clams are easy to collect due to their prominence in many bodies of water from past human transport and easy to

Special chemicals are now added to the slurry and attach themselves to certain minerals in the mixture. All the slurry is then placed in large tanks. (Flotation cells) Air is then added and then rises through the slurry. The chemicals added to the mixture are hydrophobic so the attach to the passing air and float to the top of the tank and form a froth which contains the gold and pyrite. Soon the tank overflows and the froth is collected into a launder. The froth in the launder is then discharged and out into storage tanks and the water is then extracted from the tanks for reuse, leaving behind the gold in a dissolved form.

In addition to hang-on filters performing the function of mechanical filtration and removal of solid waste particles from the water, they do also provide chemical and biological filtering. Chemical filtration involves getting rid of dissolved wastes and poisons from tank water while Biological purification is achieved through

The use of a filtration system is in place to ensure cleanliness of this water, the process is shown in figure 10.

Suspension-, which is when the fertiliser becomes insoluble and clay, is added to stop separation of the fertilizer occurring. The main advantage of this method is that it can be handled like a fluid and analysis is easier than the clear solution. However suspension requires constant stirring even in storage (Douglas, 2015).

irrigation, so it becomes a mere tr ickle by the time it gets to the sea. The

Any residual chemicals, those not absorbed by plant life or consumed by microbes, are then transported to other areas through hydrological processing. The hydrological cycle is very intricate, involving the movement of chemical additives found in synthetic fertilizer by way of water travel. As Killebrew and Wolff detailed in their article, “Environmental Impacts of Agricultural Technologies,” water transport includes leaching, run-off, and erosion, usually caused by over-watering or precipitation, such as rainfall and melting snow. In essence, when water needs to drain, it has two primary alternatives for dispersal. Foremost, accumulated water can percolate into the soil and travel past the root zone, where it soaks into the aquifer. This process, referred to as leaching, allows chemical-containing water to drain into groundwater, which is primarily used as drinking water. Alternatively, a process known as run-off allows water to drain off the surface. Contaminated water can then be leaked into springs, rivers, lakes, bays, and oceans directly, or by man-made channels, such as storm drains. Together, leaching and run-off can induce erosion, which transports vast quantities of tainted soil and water to surrounding areas. Chemicals such as ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-N), and nitrite (NO2-N) travel to surface waters, both inland and coastal, and groundwater, allowing it to become polluted to the extent that it can no longer be used for consumption or maintain the ability to

Anaerobic ponds are deep treatment ponds that exclude oxygen and encourage the growth of bacteria, which break down the effluent. It is in the anaerobic pond that the effluent begins breaking down in the absence of oxygen "anaerobically". The anaerobic pond acts like an uncovered septic tank. Anaerobic bacteria break down the organic matter in the effluent, releasing methane and carbon dioxide. Sludge is deposited on the bottom and a crust forms on the surface as show in Fig. 2.