Task 2

In early April 2013 a measles outbreak was discovered in North Carolina. By mid-May the outbreak had been identified in Stokes and Orange Counties via 23 active cases. Every case was linked back to a family that had spent 3 months in India and had not been vaccinated. By the 16th of April the state laboratory of Public Health was able to confirm the diagnosis, with the last known case being confirmed on May 7th. The investigation of this outbreak revealed 4 patients with a confirmed diagnosis that had received one of vaccination of the two part series. The other 19 cases had not ever been vaccinated.

Wolfson stated in his interview “Measles is not a big deal.” Measles outbreak in the United States has increased tremendously since parents refuse to have their children vaccinated. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has published a report, “Measles Cases and Outbreaks,” that shows how the measles cases have been increase nationwide.

It has been a hot topic lately in the radio, television, and news about parents not getting their kids measle vaccination even though it is mandatory, causing other problems to parents that took their kids to get vaccination shot. Measle is highly contagious respiratory disease that is caused by a virus, it was eliminated in the 19th century but it came back and is widely spreading again, affecting children that are vaccinated and children who did not took the shot at school, which is causing worries to the parents. It is mandatory to get a measle vaccination, it is crucial for everyone to participate in order for the virus to be fully eliminated, and parents who are working will be rest assured to leave their son and daughter to the school’s care.

The consequences of not vaccinating a child can have serious effects on them as well as the people around them. The virus will continue to grow and spread if vaccination is reducing in children. People who decide to stop vaccinating their child can easily cause an impact on society. Not only do parents jeopardize their own child health but they are also putting other children at risk, especially children that cannot be vaccinated. Children that cannot receive vaccination is because of allergies in the medication, so they rely on others who are vaccinated. Because of the lack of vaccination there were multiple outbreaks, “In 2014 there was a massive measles outbreak in the United States, 668 cases reported by 27 states” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1). Measles is an easily contagious disease and can be passed on from one person to another. The death percentage it has on people is provided by Public Medical Heath: “Each year measles causes more than half a million deaths and is

The first local cases emerged in Knox County in March 2014 when two travelers returned, infected, from a trip to the Philippines. In the weeks and months that ensued, the disease traveled into nine counties resulting in a total of 377 reported cases, including 64 in Holmes and one

Areas with large percentages of unvaccinated are more likely to have outbreaks. In 2014 the U.S.experienced a record high 667 measles cases in 2014. The outbreak was contributed to an increased number in vaccine refusals. Large outbreaks can be triggered by a single person. In minnesota a single unvaccinated boy who visited Kenya caused a measles outbreak that infected over 21 people.

The history of the Vaccines for Children program was a result of the 1989 measles epidemic in the United States. This epidemic resulted in tens of thousands of cases of measles and hundreds of deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). As the Centers for Disease and Prevention investigated this epidemic it was discovered that greater half of the children who had measles had not been vaccinated. In response to that epidemic, “Congress passed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) on August 10, 1993, creating the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). This program became operational October 1, 1994.

Measles are primarily seen in countries with low-income and poor health standards due to the countries inability

Measles, also known as Rubeola, or Morbill, is a deadly endemic infectious disease. Measles is caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family, and is mostly spread by coughing, sneezing, personal contact, and is passed up in the air reaching to others. Measles develops soon as the virus enters the body it expands in the back of the throat, lungs, and the lymphatic system. It then goes down to the urinary tract and replicates reaching to the eyes, blood vessels, and central nervous system. The earliest and known of the disease started during The Plague of Justinian which spread out towards the Eastern Mediterranean, African and Parts of Europe. About over 10,000 people died and there was no space to bury bodies. Corpses were piled on top of each other and others were laid and set adrift on ships. This Outbreak brought fear and confusion for people not knowing how infectious this disease was and how it was passed on.

3 Suspected Measles cases reported from two facilities after the on job training (the facility staffs didn’t know Suspected Measles case is reportable)

To start off, there are two types of measles. In this project I’m going to be talking about red measles or rubeola. What is measles? Measles is a very contagious, infectious disease. About 20 million people per year get measles. Measles could be transmitted from one person to another by just sneezing or coughing. It can also spread through the contact of mucus and saliva. What causes measles? Measles is caused by a virus called the measles virus (MeV). The measles virus is an enveloped, circular shaped RNA virus. The binomial nomenclature of this virus is Morbillivirus which is within the family Paramyxoviridae. The Measles virus has two important glycoproteins spikes attached to it. The first spike (fusion protein) is responsible for the fusion

Additionally, research has shown that often the measles related deaths are due to complication linked to the disease approximately one in 1000 children who get measles develop encephalitis, severe diarrhoea,

A measles outbreak would affect the community in many different ways as listed in A4. The people interested in the community include the mayors in the county, the governor, the local Red Cross Chapter, the Fairfield County Emergency Agency, the hospital CEO and chief nursing officer, school officials, and ODH. If a primary care provider or hospital encounters a case of measles they are first required to report to it to the local chapter of the Ohio Department of Health. The ODH will then test the specimen themselves to confirm the diagnosis while the person is isolated until 4 days after the onset of the rash.

In 2015, a measles outbreak occurred in Disneyland at Orange County, California. “The outbreak likely started from a traveler who