Tb Is A Disease That Affects The Lungs And Other Parts Of The Body

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria “Mycobacterium Tuberculosis” and is mainly causes infection of the lungs (WHO, 2016). Its mode of transmission is airborne, so it can be passed on by inhalation of airborne droplets which carrying the bacteria, when an infected patient coughs, sneezes, or spits the TB germs into the air (WHO, 1026). Among the symptoms of active TB are: cough with sputum and blood, chest pains, weakness, fever and night sweats (WHO, 2016). Most at risk to get the TB infection are people with weakened immune system such as people who are suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, severe kidney disease, silicosis and especially HIV infection (CDC, 2016). Children and Tobacco users are also at greater risk to fall ill with TB.

Tuberculosis (TB), which is brought on by contamination with an individual from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is a noteworthy reason for incapacity and passing in numerous parts of the world. The frequency (recently reported cases) of tuberculosis in Louisiana is near the normal occurrence in the United States. . In 2013, Louisiana: Ranked eleventh among the 50 states in TB rates (3 for each 100,000 people) and 22.3% of TB cases were foreign-born people (CDC, 2015). As in the U.S., frequency has diminished

TB is a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally that boils down to one small, single infection. TB can be classified into 2 stages; Latent TB and Active TB. In Latent TB, the bacteria remain in the body in an inactive or dormant state. A person will not have any symptoms because their immune mechanism has stopped the bacteria from growing. Latent TB can remain in a dormant state for year (Zager et al, 2009). However this disease can easily change to Active TB. This change mainly occurs due to the rapid increase of Mycobacterium TB within an individual when a person becomes ill or their immune system is compromise. Ninety percent of the time, those who are infected with

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, which normally affects the lungs, but it can also affect any part of the body, including the bones and the nervous system. The disease is spread easily through prolonged exposure to someone who has the illness, from their coughs and sneezes. For a healthy individual the body’s immune system kills the bacteria and prevents it from spreading in the body, which is known as ‘latent TB’. However, if the immune system fails to fight the bacteria, it can easily spread in the body. Symptoms will develop within a few weeks or months depending on the individual. This is known as an ‘active TB’. The symptoms are, constant coughing that brings up phlegm that may also contain blood, which lasts more than three weeks, combined with weight loss, tiredness and fatigue, loss of appetite and also fever. Without treatment, TB can cause major health problems and if its left untreated can even cause death (NHS 2016).

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most commonly affects the lungs. The etiologic agent can be expelled from one infected person via a sneeze or a cough, and enter the air and then the body of another person, leading to another infected person (“Tuberculosis, 2012). According to “What is TB?” (n.d.), someone who has diagnosed tuberculosis but is not receiving any form of treatment can pass the disease to up to 15 people in on year. Treatment of TB is necessary, so if symptoms are ignored, an infected person could die. Prevalence of this disease is not as common in the United States as it is in other countries. In 2014, there were approximately 9,421 reported cases; trends show that TB prevalence continues to decreases each year. Of

Symptoms: Tuberculosis has many different symptoms that can take place during its active stages. In the prior paragraph I already stated that during its inactive stage the human is clear of any symptoms or effects that the disease may cause but the active stage is where most symptoms occur. Many symptoms like coughing up blood, fevers, loss of appetite, weight loss, chest pains, night sweat, chills and fatigue are associated with this disease. During Tuberculosis active stages you can develop anyone of those symptoms which will constantly take effect is not

(Tortora, Funke & Case, 2013). Another mycobacterial species, Mycobacterium bovis, is a pathogen mainly of cattle. M.bovis is the cause of bovine tuberculosis, which is transmitted to humans via contaminated milk or food (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2013). It is very unlikely to see M. bovis transmitted from person to person. It will impinge bones causing a hunchback deformation of the spine; it also will affect the lymphatic system. In the latent stage, the patient is asymptomatic due to TB is inactive. Symptoms may appear weeks or even years later after acquiring the infection. In the active stage symptoms will include a cough that may last three weeks or more, expectorating blood, erratic weight loss, more tiredness than usual, fever, Night sweats and chills. Active TB is indicative to the spread of the infection; which happens when the bacteria advances from person to person from unhindered microscopic droplets dispensed into the air. Two of the most-common test used to the diagnosis tuberculosis is a simple skin test and chest x-ray. The skin test is done by injecting a minute amount of PPD under a patient's skin creating a welt on the forearm. The results are read in 48-72 hours by a health professional; they will check for swelling at injection site. If the PPD test reads false positive then, a chest x-ray will be ordered. Chest x-rays are

Tuberculosis, TB (tubercle bacillus) or MTB (mycobacterium tuberculosis) is a widespread, and in numerous cases fatal, communicable disease produced by a variety of forms of mycobacteria. The disease is distributed within the air when individuals who are infected with active TB infection sneeze, cough, or pass on breathing fluids throughout the air. Generally infections are asymptomatic, meaning they feel or show no symptoms, and dormant, but then again approximately one in ten dormant infections in the long run move on to the active disease. If left untouched, active TB is fatal to more than half of those infected.

The technique for interpreting a TB skin test is to measure of any induration (localized swelling with hardening of tissue) perceived 48-72 hours after injection. (Blair, et al. 596) The presence of redness without induration is a negative finding. Moreover, the CDC specifies that an induration of 10mm or greater indicates exposure and possible infection, and a finding of 5mm or greater in an immunosuppressed patients or someone who has recently been in contact with an infected person should also considered

TB can be diagnosed with two types of tests: Clinical includes symptoms, signs, chest x ray and skin test. Laboratory diagnosis that contains blood, sputum, and tissue. These tests are used to indicate whether the person has TB bacteria in the body or not, they can not determine if the person has active TB disease or LTBI. Where health care provider may do further investigation to determine the type of TB the person has.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection that affects millions of people globally. It is a contagious disease that is spread through the air, and it usually affects the lungs. It is transmitted from person to person through droplets from the respiratory tract of those who are already infected with the disease. Some who are infected with the bacteria that causes TB often exhibit no symptoms, because their immune systems stop the bacteria from growing and multiplying. Those with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to developing the full blown disease which can cause symptoms that include coughing, spitting blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, and fever. Tuberculosis can be treated with a six to nine month course of a combination of antibiotics. If left untreated, TB will spread and can be fatal.

Latent tuberculosis occurs when the mycobacteria within the body is inactive. Chest X-rays would appear normal in this situation, but there was prior exposure to mycobacteria. In latent TB the bacteria can either the dead or dormant. Dead mycobacteria would have been killed by macrophages, while a dormant stage of TB means that there are mycobacteria living within the macrophages. (Rishi, 2014) The dormant bacteria can be said to be “lying in wait”, as they are alive but not currently active within the patient’s body.Secondary tuberculosis means that dormant bacteria has been reactivated, or the patient has been infected with TB for a second time. Reactivation occurs when dormant bacteria become active, this is usually due to immune issues or other health complications (Rishi, 2014). Any type of secondary TB means that it is not the patient’s initial

Tuberculosis does show any different physical signs than regular tuberculosis. Both forms of tuberculosis show coughing for more than 3 weeks, coughing up blood or mucus, chest pain, fatigue/weakness, weight loss and loss of appetite, fever, and chills (1). Tuberculosis is easily caught by a new patient because the air that is contaminated by a carrier of the bacteria who has been in the room for a rather long time. Meaning if a person visits the carrier and goes into the carrier’s bedroom for an extended length of time, then that person could possibly contract tuberculosis. Not only is immediate contact a key factor in developing tuberculosis, health, where a person lives, and if that person developed tuberculosis in the past. These factors all accumulate and help in the spread of the disease from person to person.

When one inhales air coughed out by TB patients, the infection is referred to as primary tuberculosis. In most instances, most people get infected with primary tuberculosis, but since its severity is minimal, there are higher chances of recovery (CDC 17). The infection rate of primary tuberculosis depends on the strength of an individual’s immune system.