Tb Is A Treatable And Curable Disease Essay

TB is still proven to be a top killer around the world, and with more cases of drug resistant TB being reported daily, the cost of treating and preventing this disease will continue to be on the rise.

They are isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol that are all consumed together and on a daily basis to kill tuberculosis that resides in the infected person's lungs for 2 months. After 2 months most of the tuberculosis has died and can’t be detected under a microscope. The infected person after the 2 months phases must take isoniazid and rifampicin daily for 4 months. This 6 months course is standard for the western approach. But if they failed to take these medicines daily, they will have to change courses and different medicines because tuberculosis may become resistant to the regular anti-tuberculosis drug that the patient failed to consume daily. This medicine against the drug-resistant tuberculosis is called fluoroquinolone and this treatment could last two years of continuous

Drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients in the continuation phase of treatment in the intervention arm and their family members.

Active disease is diagnosed with chest x-ray, skin or blood tests and sputum smears. Cat scans and MRI’s can also be used for diagnosing. Treatment for active non-resistant TB consists of the use of a two drug therapy, generally isoniazid and rifampicin. Cure rate for this strain of TB can be over 90%. Treatment for active TB is done for a minimum of six months. As a result of individuals incompletely finishing their recommended dose of anti-tubercular

Cohort reviews will be conducted annually in each county and/or jurisdiction. Reviews can be conducted face-to-face or by

Drugs in this group same as fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides act as second line anti- tuberculosis drugs. Include three main antibiotics, para amino-salicylic acid, thiamides and cycloserine with its derivative terizidone. According to efficacy, toxicity and cost it is recommended to use tionamides firstly and then use cycloserine or para amino-salicylic acid. tionamides included two drugs , ethionamide and pro thionamide. Molecular target of this two drugs the same as isoniazid is inh A and mainly inhibit mycolic acid biosynthesis. According to in vitro activity these drugs known as main drugs used in MDR regimen treatment.

For many centuries, tuberculosis was considered a death sentence. However, the development of antibiotics and methods of controlling the disease substantially reduced its prevalence. TB is caused by a bacteria and is highly contagious as it is spread through the air. While usually a respiratory disorder that affects the lungs TB “can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, the kidneys, or the spine” (CDC 2012). Multidrug-resistant TB, however, is resistant to two of the most potent drugs used to contain the illness, isoniazid and rifampin (CDC 2012). Both drug-resistant and standard TB are spread in the same fashion; misuse of antibiotics such as discontinuing them

Furthermore, the mode of transmission with TB disease is through air borne droplets that are released into the air when a TB infected individual coughs, sneezes, or sings (CDC, 2012). It is important to treat individuals with the Latent TB infection with isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), rifapentine (RPT) to prevent the development of Tuberculosis disease. In like manner, with Tuberculosis disease individuals are treated with isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB), and pyrazinamide (PZA) for six to nine months of treatment. The incidence of TB disease in the United States are within the African- American, Hispanic, Asian communities, international travelers, younger children, correctional facilities, individuals with HIV, and the homeless (CDC, 2012).

Based on the information provided in the scenario, and according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the initial medications would likely include isoniazid orally at 5mg/kg/day, rifampin orally at 10mg/kg/day, pyrazinamide orally 16mg/kg/day, and ethambutol orally at 20mg/kg/day. These medications would be used until the results of drug-susceptibility tests became available and it was determined what strain of bacterium was causing the Tuberculosis. If it were indicated that we needed to treat a multi-drug resistant bacterium, medications would be adjusted at that time.

A person with fully susceptible TB may develop secondary (acquired) resistance during therapy because of inadequate treatment, not taking the prescribed regimen appropriately, or using medication of low quality. Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a serious public health issue in many developing countries because its treatment is lengthy and more expensive drugs are necessary. MDR-TB is defined as resistance to the two most effective first-line Tuberculosis drugs: rifampicin and isoniazid. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line

Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease that is spread through the air from person to person. It attacks the lungs mainly, although it can also affect different areas in the body such as the kidneys, the brain, and the spine. Tuberculosis is both preventable and curable. It requires treatment and proper medication use. If someone affected by TB is not properly treated there is a high risk of death. The two main drugs used in curing patients with TB are isoniazid and rifampicin. Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis(MDR TB) is resistant to both of these drugs used for treatment, making it extremely hard to cure patients with the disease. Tuberculosis travels through the bloodstream and makes the immune system weak. Multidrug-Resistant TB is caused by improper use of medication. To prevent Tuberculosis from becoming Multidrug-Resistant, patients should take their full prescriptions of their antibiotics, make certain that their antibiotics are high quality, and perform the proper treatment course. Extensive Mulitdrug-Resistant Tuberculosis(XDR TB) is even more of a threat due to its resistance to more drugs than just isoniazid and rifampicin. Being resistant to a wide range of medication, Extensive Mulitdrug-Resistant Tuberculosis is even harder to cure than MDR TB. It leaves patients with small options of treatment that have little effect. People with autoimmune diseases like HIV are way

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection that affects millions of people globally. It is a contagious disease that is spread through the air, and it usually affects the lungs. It is transmitted from person to person through droplets from the respiratory tract of those who are already infected with the disease. Some who are infected with the bacteria that causes TB often exhibit no symptoms, because their immune systems stop the bacteria from growing and multiplying. Those with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to developing the full blown disease which can cause symptoms that include coughing, spitting blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, and fever. Tuberculosis can be treated with a six to nine month course of a combination of antibiotics. If left untreated, TB will spread and can be fatal.

Drug resistance has been increasing among patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Previous miracle drugs that were used in the 1950s have now been proven useless in many cases simply because the bacteria are not susceptible to antibiotics such as isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, etc. when they are taken. This pathogen is easily transmitted through air and has the capability of attacking the respiratory system and creating fatal consequences if not treated properly. A lot of people who contribute to the antibiotic resistant statistics are those that do not take medication accordingly. Even though the bacterium may not be resistant at first, it can

The two forms of DR-TB are defined as follows: “Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a form of tuberculosis that is resistant to two or more of the primary drugs (isoniazid and rifampin) used for the treatment of tuberculosis; and Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) is tuberculosis that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin among the first-line anti-TB drugs and is resistant to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of the three second-line injectable drugs.” XDR is thus an evolution of MDR-TB. The two main causes of DR-TB in an individual are, first, through the interruption of antibiotic treatment during regular tuberculosis therapy whereby the amount of drug in the body is reduced to levels insufficient to kill the bacteria. The interruption is most commonly caused by: “the patient choosing not to complete the full course of treatment; a rupture in the patient’s drug supply, poor drug prescription – wrong drug, dose or length of treatment; and/or poor quality of drugs.” Resistance to one or several forms of treatment then occurs when the bacteria develops the ability to withstand the antibiotic attack. The second cause of DR-TB infection occurs when this resistance, subsequently passed on to the bacteria’s offspring, creates of a whole strain of resistant bacteria that can then be spread from one person

India, the second most populous country with over 1.31 billion people, has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world, accounting for 20% of the global incidence of TB, and an even higher share of global incidence of multi–drug resistant (MDR) TB. With an estimated 2 million new cases of TB and 5, 00,000 TB-related deaths in India annually, those who got diagnosed with different forms of DR-TB were 35,385 cases but only 20,753 people started on multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) treatment in 2013. The National Tuberculosis Program was launched in 1962, but suffered heavily continuing TB led mortality. Acknowledging this reality, a Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) was launched by the Government of India in 1997, however even today it does not comply with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.