Tb Vaccine Essay

TB is still proven to be a top killer around the world, and with more cases of drug resistant TB being reported daily, the cost of treating and preventing this disease will continue to be on the rise.

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

This study involved reviewed a program to determine the effectiveness of a program to control drug sensitive TB by improving the treatment adherence of patients. The study compared the results of a patient program involving education and counseling of the patient and family members followed by Text messages and phone calls to remind them to take medications and monitor treatment and side effects. This is compared to the WHO recommended treatment of requiring the patient to make daily visits to TB outpatient centers for drug administration.

Patients are asked to take multiple antibiotics, like your father, it's required to be taken for a certain amount of time (6 to 9 months). However, I must tell you that not all TB infected patients have the same medications. Some are infected with a TB virus that is considered “drug-resistant,” these patients are required to take stronger drugs that last longer. Just in case don’t go and start sharing medication from an old friend who once or still has TB, each patient is different. There are also people who have Latent TB, these patients don’t show none of the symptoms, the only way they know they are infected is through the “tuberculin skin test.” This however doesn’t affect your father, your father has an active TB. For active TB patients they must take common treatments like Ethambutol, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Rifampin. It’s likely that your father might be asked to take a test in order to see if the medications will be strong enough to kill the bacteria. As mentioned before each patient is different, so the amount of medication and the length they will take it will vary. Depending on how the tests come out, your father will be required to take 3 to 4 medications for the first two months. Then for the following months the patient will be reduced to take 2 medications for the remainder of the treatment. Many doctors including myself will urge your father if he ever decides to

TB patients need to take two first line drugs for a period of 18 months – two years, with this chemotherapy patient is non infectious within a period of 2 weeks and can come back to his normal daily activities even going back to work also. As a result hospitalization for TB these days is minimal; patients who tested positive for TB were usually hospitalized until smear is negative continuing the chemotherapy on an outpatient basis. Hospitalization is also useful in assessing or analyzing the drug side effects during chemotherapy.

Although this infection is airborne and contagious, it is not easy to catch. If you are exposed to someone daily that has the active form of TB, then you are more likely to catch it from him or her, than a stranger (webMD.com). TB can only be spread in the active form; those with the inactive form cannot spread the infection until the disease becomes active (webMD.com). Tuberculosis can be treated with antibiotics, which were developed in the 1950s (webMD.com). However, Uncle Lou was right about TB becoming antibiotic resistance, due to the new form of TB that has resurfaced. People with the active and inactive form should seek medical treatment because those with the inactive state can get rid of the inactive bacteria with medication before it becomes active

A false-positive check might happen if you have been vaccinated recently with the Bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. This TB vaccine is rarely used the in the U.S., however, is widely utilized in countries with high TB infection rates.

Tuberculosis is one of the most infectious diseases in the world. With almost one third of the world infected with this virus, people are striving to help prevent the spread of this disease (NIAID, 2001). One prevention technique for tuberculosis is the BCG (Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin) vaccine. In the early twentieth century Calmette and Guerin worked together to isolate a strain of the disease creating the first BCG vaccine. Throughout the century the scientists improved the BCG vaccine and today there are several different strains of the vaccine available. However, even today its full effects on the disease are unknown. The exploration of the effects of the vaccine, the best

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection that affects millions of people globally. It is a contagious disease that is spread through the air, and it usually affects the lungs. It is transmitted from person to person through droplets from the respiratory tract of those who are already infected with the disease. Some who are infected with the bacteria that causes TB often exhibit no symptoms, because their immune systems stop the bacteria from growing and multiplying. Those with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to developing the full blown disease which can cause symptoms that include coughing, spitting blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, and fever. Tuberculosis can be treated with a six to nine month course of a combination of antibiotics. If left untreated, TB will spread and can be fatal.

In 2013 Tuberculosis had a total of 9,588 new tuberculosis (TB) cases reported in the United States, with an incidence rate of 3.0 cases per 100,000 population, a decrease of 4.2% from 2012 (Negar Niki Alami,

In order to prevent a TB infection from becoming a TB disease, your doctor may provide medicine. Isoniazid (INH) is the most common type of medicine for TB infections and may have to be taken for up to 6 to 12 months in order to ensure all TB germs are eliminated from the

Tuberculosis is highly contagious and can spread from infected person to a healthy person through the air by inhaling airborne droplets called nuclei from an infected person. These airborne particles come from the infected person by sneezing, coughing or laughing and other forced respiratory. Which is why someone close to an infected person on a daily basis will be at high risk of getting infected especially for example if they share the same room. If the droplets containing tuberculosis bacilli are large they become embedded in the proximal airways. Which should not cause an infection. The infection happens when the particles are small, enough to cross the upper respiratory defence and reach the lungs. In 1950 several antibiotic were developed

The TB skin test includes infusing a little measure of liquid (called tuberculin) into the skin in the lower some portion of the arm. At that point the individual must return following 48 to 72 hours to have a trained health care worker look at their arm. The health care worker will search

14). Currently, there are ten drugs that have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat tuberculosis. There are four approved drugs that are considered to be first-line antituberculosis agents that form the foundation for initial drug therapy. Also, there are six approved second-line drugs that are considered to treat a more serious adverse drug reaction more frequently than first-line antituberculosis agents. Therefore, it is important to take all prescribed drugs and finish them all. If not, a person with tuberculosis will become sick again making it harder to treat because the drugs will become resistant to the infected tuberculosis still present in ones body; second-line drugs will then be used.

It is very important that patients with both latent TB infections and TB disease receive treatment. The treatments used for latent TB infection are isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), and rifapentine (RPT). If a patient has TB disease they are to take several drugs for at least 6 to 9 months. There are 10 drugs that are currently approved for treating TB, but the core treatments are isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB), and pyrazinamide (PZA). The completion of treatment depends on how much of the dose was ingested over a certain period of time. (CDC 2011) The treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis takes longer than other types of treatments for bacterial infections. The length of time that a patient receives treatment for disease