Techniques For Providing Fresh Water For Arid Regions Of The World

Water, like food, is a necessity for human life that is used for many purposes such as agricultural, industrial, and domestic systems. While water is a common element around the world not all of it is clean and able to be consumed or used by humans. With only a percentage of the world’s water being clean and the use of water increasing, the availability of water around the world has become a common issue in the developing and even the developed world. This may be a smaller problem in areas close to clean water sources compared to areas far from a clean water source but, the availability of water is not strictly based on location, it also depends on the specific political and social needs and issues of the area as well. These all become issues that must be accounted for when deciphering whether water is a basic human right or a commodity and what action must be taken to aid the developing water systems in community’s that lack them.

During the 90’s, Africa is one of the worst affected from water shortages. The rainfall in Africa comes in bursts; this means the water may not be collected because of how dry the land is. Therefore, Africa has had droughts that have affected the rainfall recently. As an outcome, Africa’s water supply is near scarcity, considering the facts stated.

Water is the protection of life. Many countries are lack of water ,and many people do not know how to cherish water in our country .A lot of people to waste water every day, since all of them just take it for granted. We should consider that Water- poor countries are faced with the seriousness of water problem and how much water they can handle, and are also focused at how to adopt measures to facilitate a continuous supply of clean water to developing countries.

Due to the difficulty of receiving fresh water and the growing population; this leads to water becoming scarce in specific regions. The authors write, “While natural factors such as intermittent droughts and limited freshwater reserves can cause scarcity...” (Roudi-Fahimi, Creel, and Souza). Certain parts of Northern Africa and Southwestern Asia rain falls

Farmers over-irrigate and under irrigate their produce causing famines and severe soil erosion. As the nation and the world have sunk into a global water crisis, every drop counts. Day by day, the evaporation rate increases. Farmers can’t tell the maximum and minimum amounts of water in their land. That’s where our innovation comes into play.

Water is becoming a limited natural resource in the world. In an article published on National Geographic website about “Fresh Water Crisis” [1] it has mentioned that out of the 70% of water which is covering the earth, only 2.5% is suitable for drinking and just 1% of fresh water is easily accessible. In the same article the author talks about how people are wasting this limited resource. The growing scarcity of water is due to the rapid growth of population, rising demand for food and cash crops, increasing urbanization and rising standard of living. On the other hand people are writing articles and papers about how to solve this scarcity issue and all the resources presented about

Water is an essential resource to sustain life. From 50 - 90 percent of the weight of living organisms is water. Water is the major constituent of living matter. Water, essential for growth of all crops, is the natural resource in shortest supply. More than 20 countries lack sufficient water to grow enough food for their people. The situation is getting worse as needs for water rise along with population growth, urbanization and increases in household and industrial uses. According to a UN report two-thirds of mankind will suffer moderate to severe water crisis within next 30 years if remedial steps are not taken. World Bank report estimates 5 million deaths from unsafe drinking water and investments to the tune of $ 600 billion worldwide

“Water is the driving force of all nature” a famous quote from Leonardo da Vinci [1]. Unfortunately, supplies are now running low at an alarming rate. The world’s population continues to soar but this growth in numbers has not been matched by an increase in availability of fresh water. In the last 50 years, the human population has more than doubled [2]. This rapid

A major problem for human populations in semi-arid environments is the lack of water for domestic consumption. On average a person needs 200 liters of water (Heller and Padua, 2006) per day to meet their basic needs (food and drink). This volume of water per person is very difficult to be obtained in environments where the average annual rainfall is low, less than 800 mm, a value which characterizes the semi-arid environment (MI, 2005). This difficulty is even more important when considering that the rivers that exist in these environments are not permanent, but go through periods without flow and occurrence of a dry period is greater than probability of 60% (MI, 2005) .

Water covers 70% of our planet, and it is easy to think that it will always be plentiful. However, freshwater, what we drink, bathe in, irrigate our farm fields with makes up only 3% of the world’s water, and two-thirds of that is stored in frozen glaciers or unavailable for our use. Many of the water systems that keep ecosystems thriving and feed a growing human population have become stressed. Rivers, lakes and aquifers are drying up or becoming too polluted to use. Already, 80 countries suffer from water shortages that threaten health and economies while 40 percent of the world—more than 2 billion people—does not have access to clean water or sanitation

Water is the main source of life on the Earth. It is vital for normal existence and functioning of organisms. Earth is sometimes called “water planet.” But, in fact, the number of freshwater is limited. “Only about 2 percent of the planet's water is fresh.” (How much water is there on Earth?) This water is not enough even to meet daily needs of mankind. According to World Health Organization, “a lack of water to meet daily needs is a reality today for one in three people around the world.” (2009) In the Middle East the situation is especially hard. This region is thought to be one of the droughtiest places in the world, most of it’s territory is deserted. Freshwater accounts to 1 percent of the world’s supplies, while the population comes

There are a variety of causes held responsible for the water crisis in Africa. These causes have been taken from African’s control and desperately need to be solved. Climate change is one of the countless reasons that there is a high demand for water in Africa. An article entitled “Africa’s Water Crisis Deepens” written for the 2006 News Scientist, states that Drought, famine and spreading deserts have plagued Africa for the past 30 years. With the expansion of desertification, the process in which land becomes increasingly dry with little to no water resources, areas of land have dried out and are useless to humans due to the lack of rainfall on the African continent over the past several years.

Thesis statement: One of the crises that our environment is facing is fresh water scarcity which is a very serious issue and it affects our global environmental.

Shiklomanov, I. (1999). World Water Resources. A New Appraisal and Assessment for the 21st Century. United Nations, Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organization 1998. Retrieved from http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/mckinney/ce385d/Papers/Shiklomanov.pdf

Wastewater reuse for agricultural purpose, which constitute about 70% water usage, reduces stress on water resources. The use of wastewater for irrigation is a common practice in rural and peri-urban areas of most developing countries. Even in areas where other water sources exist, small farmers often prefer wastewater because its high nutrient content reduces or even eliminates the need for expensive chemical fertilizers [12]. Farmers are increasingly considering non-conventional water resources, mainly wastewater, either due to its high nutrient content or lack of conventional water resources [11]. If applied safely, wastewater is a valuable source of both water and nutrients, contributing to water and food security and improved livelihood. Reclaimed water was used for golf course irrigation, construction projects, dust control, and soil compaction at the local