Techniques To Increase Solubility And Dissolution Rates Of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs

Distribution – Is the way that the drugs leave the blood stream and enter the cellular structure and the fluids of the body cells. Factors that affect the distribution of drugs are those related to the drug and those related to the body.

Which brand of painkilling medicine dissolves the fastest and does flavor, coating, and color of the pill affect the dissolution time? If several different pain neutralizing pills are placed in stomach acid and timed in order to find out which pill dissolves first, then the most effective pill will be the first to dissolve. In order to test this, eight different types of pain neutralizing medicine were put into simulated stomach acid and timed. Normal strength, liquid gel capsules, and children's flavored pills were all tested. In order to accurately simulate stomach acid, vinegar, which has the same pH levels of stomach acid, was heated to thirty seven degrees Celsius and stirred constantly and evenly. The pills tested were Advil, Children's

Nanocrystals are made up of drug with only little amount of surfactant (below critical micelle concentration (CMC)) to stabilize formulation [14]. Most of the nanoparticles are made up of large amount of excipients which is not the case with nanocrystals as most of the part is only the drug. Besides lower amount of stabilizers makes toxicity issues associated with nanosuspensions negligible and offers ease of scale-up and better physical stability compared to amorphous form [15, 16]. Different methods are classified as top-down (high pressure homogenization, media milling, and sonication) and bottom-up techniques (nanoprecipitation) for effective production of Nanocrystals [17]. Development of nanocrystal based formulation of risperidone can be advantageous to tackle the problem of poor water solubility. Numerous solidification techniques are used to increase physical stability of nanosuspensions as spray drying, lyophilization and many more based upon the properties of drug and characteristics of final formulation. Amongst all these techniques lyophilization is used predominantly for nanosuspension solidification.

Among other approaches tried by scientists, colloidal systems like liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles etc., have shown promise but not many products have made it to the market (7). Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are gaining much popularity in recent years. Among these, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems from biodegradable and biocompatible polymer are an interesting option for controlled drug delivery and drug targeting (8). Amongst the various drug-delivery systems, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLCs) are potentially attractive choices due to their natural components and easily scaled-up formulation processes. In addition, their hydrophobic core provides a suitable environment for entrapment of hydrophobic drugs (9). Among the important technological advantages of nanoparticles as drug carriers are: high stability (i.e. long shelf life), high carrier capacity (i.e. many drug molecules can be incorporated into the particle matrix), feasibility of incorporation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, and feasibility of variable routes of administration (10). NLCs are kind of lipid-based nanoparticles, which has the advantages of biodegradable, brain targeting, well-recognized safety profile by drastically reducing drug-related toxicities through reduction of nonspecific biodistribution (11). NLCs consist of an unstructured solid lipid

The purpose of this investigation is to find out if the coating on pills makes it harder to dissolve.

In this lab, we observed the solubility of substances 1-4, which is a physical property of matter. Physical properties can be observed without changing the matter into something new. Solubility is also a characteristic property--properties that do not depend on the amount of the substance and are used to identify matter. When we measured solubility, we created a mixture with our substances and the 100 mL of water. A mixture is two or more substances that are physically combined.

b) If 5mL of water were added for every 1g of crude product then one of two things would happen; the solid would not dissolve or the impurities would still be present within the product. The solvent is used to dissolve all the impurities of the crude product and if less solvent is available, the impurities would remain within the product.

7. What is the reason for manufacturing a drug as an enteric-coated tablet? (2 points)

SV (figure. 1) is antihyperlipidemic compounds which can reduce about 30% of LDL and total cholesterol in the body. In addition, SV was more tolerated by the body [1] than other antihyperlipidemic drugs, so that it became the drug of choice for most patients with hyperlipidemia [2]. Unfortunately, its solubility in water is very low, and it correlates with very low bioavailability [3]. One potential method to improve the simvastatin's solubility was made by co-crystal form. Co-crystal is a crystal whose a structured arrangement, consists of two main compounds (the active substance and the crystal-forming components) known as co-former with a certain stoichiometric ratio [4]. ASP and SAC are two examples of co-formers that used to increase solubility

In this lab, lab 4.3 Comparing the Concentrations of Saturated Solutions, we set out to find and compare the solubilities of two solids in water. In addition, we tested if solubility is a characteristic property of a solid in a given liquid. This lab allowed us to test and use a reliable way to measure the solubility of a solid. This lab can be replicated for any solid with the same procedure, thus it gives us a method to calculate solubility. The two solids we tested in this experiment were NaCl (Sodium Chloride) and NaNO3 (Sodium Nitrate).

Drug dosage form (Liquids ,suspensions, elixirs are readily available for absorption because they are already in solution)

Slow release: Enteric coated tablets are non crush, they are known as sustained-release tablets, which can be composed of

aid the initial water uptake and growth even of particles dominated by very low-solubility compounds (Andreae 2008)

Paisley Shultz December 21, 2016 Chemistry- Savalli p. 6-7 Solubility and Bond Type Laboratory Conclusion The purpose of this laboratory was to learn the solubility of different liquid substances. We also learned how to use the aforementioned information to classify each of the substances’ bond type. Essential contextual knowledge includes understanding solubility itself.

Pulmonary drug delivery of peptides and proteins is highly desirable because of many advantages such as rapid and predictable onset of action, high relative bioavailability and non-invasive mode of administration which improves patient compliance. In the current study the effect of sugar carrier type (trehalose as non-reducing and maltose as reducing sugar), hydroxy propyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration (0%, 0.02% and 0.04%) and adding tween 80 as surfactant on physicochemical stability and aerosol performance of spray freeze dried salmon calcitonin was investigated. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that cyclodextrin concentration had the most important effect on powder’s chemical stability and by increasing the concentration of cyclodextrin stability of the formulations increase dramatically. Based on the chemical stability data four formulations (chemical stability over than 90% ) was selected for further examinations. Fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism data suggest that these chemically stable formulations are structurally stable too. Aerosol performance data shows that surfactant-free formulations produce higher fine particle fraction (approximately 70%) than surfactant containing formulations (approximately 50%). It may be due to the more cohesive structure of surfactant containing formulations.