Teenagers ' Communication With Their Partners On Issues Of Sex Essay

The theory used in this study will be self-efficacy theory part of the social cognitive theory as conceived by Albert Bandura. Albert Bandura was born in Canada in 1925. Growing up in a town with only one school, he and his fellow students often had to take charge of their education (Pajares, 2004). This early experience influenced Bandura later in studying motivation and human behavior. After high school, Bandura went to the University of British Columbia where he decided to concentrate on psychology. Bandura’s beliefs in self-development sent him onward to the University of Iowa to continue his studies. Bandura earned his M.A. degree in 1951 and his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology in 1952. Later, Bandura joined the faculty at Stanford University where he made his career. Bandura’s research at Stanford focused on social modeling in human motivation. Here he began a program of research on children’s development of self-regulatory capabilities. In 1977, Bandura published Social Learning Theory, a book that changed the direction of psychology throughout the next decade (Pajares, 2004). Bandura later developed the social cognitive theory of human functioning. Social cognitive theory described people as proactive, self-organizing, reflective, and regulating individuals, not simply beings shaped by reactions.

SCT describes individuals’ behaviour according to a three way model which is dynamic and has mutual relationship among the three factors: personal factors; behaviour and environmental influences (Glanz and Bishop, 2010). Generally, SCT uses for counselling interventions which aims disease prevention since it consists of the concepts of “cognitive”, “behavioristic” and “emotional models” (Glanz and Bishop, 2010). Key construct of SCT is individuals no only learn from their own experiences but also by observing other peoples’ actions and results of those actions (Glanz and Bishop, 2010). In addition, self-control and self-efficacy is also identified as key ideas in SCT (Glanz and Bishop, 2010).

Health related research was stimulated by the social learning theory. Research showed that persons perceived level and strength of self-efficacy was closely related to their choices in health behaviors. (Maibach & Murphy, 1995). The desire to maintain new behaviors is usually related to the experience of success through self-efficacy and the mastery of new behaviors (O’Leary, 1985).

We have all heard the stories about the rise in teenage pregnancies, girls dropping out of school to care for their newborns, and even those who get pregnant on purpose. This new trend is everywhere. Most parents fail to have the “talk” with their children and are left without the proper education regarding sex until its too late. With the current rates of teenage pregnancy correlated with the current rates of spreading epidemics of STD’s and HIV/AIDS, steps should be taken in an effort to aid the situation. Schools are a main source of information and education for teens, and are in a unique position that can provide adolescents with knowledgeable skills and understanding that promote sexual health. With consistent speculation surrounding

In the article “Abstinence Is the Best Policy in Preventing Teen Pregnancy” posted on the Opposing Viewpoints database, it is argued that teenagers are incapable of assessing and considering the risk of premarital sex and comprehension of the challenges in facing an unwanted pregnancy. The article goes on to say that while they are maturing, teens are drawn more to risky behavior including sexual behavior, and “as those choices get more risky […] guidance and limits from parents that are reinforced by peers, teachers, and other authority figures are critically important”. This article also challenges the results of sex education by stating that it is merely educational and shown to inform rather than change teens

Talking Parents, Healthy Teens is a program consisting of eight weekly one-hour sessions that is offered in the workplace for parents of adolescent children in Southern California. This program aims to help parents acquire the ability to discuss sexual health topics. Talking Parents, Healthy Teens uses resources such as games, discussions, and role play to teach their children assertiveness and decision-making more effectively. A study by Schuster et.al tested a sample of 569 parents their adolescents randomly assigned to either attend the program or to a no-treatment control group. Participants were assisted at baseline and again one-week, three-month, and nine-month after completing the programs. Participants were to report having discussed

Health promotion and disorder prevention from the perspective of Social cognitive theory. This theory posits a multifaceted causal shape wherein self-efficacy ideals function in concert with goals, outcome expectations, and perceived environmental impediments and facilitator within the law of human motivation, movement, and properly being. Perceived self-efficacy is a key factor in the causal structure because it operates on motivation and action both directly and through its effect on the other determinants. The area of overlap of cognitive determinants with the absolute most generally connected psycho-social models of health are distinguished. Social cognitive theory addresses the socio structural determinants of health as well as the personal

However, the literature review on this behaviour change theories, most importantly on social behaviour theory, allowed me to consolidate my strategies and knowledge towards behaviour change. In my situation, I believe that the social cognitive theory provided me with a good insight into motivational elements which in return served as tools or strategies to establishing as successful exercise activities. I’m particularly proud that both strategies that were used helped me to achieve my goals. It should therefore be understood that from social cognitive perspective, motivation and confidence constitute key influential elements of behaviour

If they don’t have open communication with their parent or any form of communication at all, health services can provide sexual education, improving a person’s health as well as the atmosphere between family communication. Due to this, parental communication or formal communication can enhance awareness in sexual and reproductive health to youths depending on the quality of information exposed to them. Creating a stable environment in which a parent can openly communicate with their child by using quality information about healthy choices leads to a well-adjusted adult. It is key that communication begins early, in young adulthood, to generate a health conscious generation of

The analysis was conducted in five steps. The first step conducted a variety of descriptive analysis to determine what percentage of the youth in the study had discussed sexual health topics with their partners, their parents, and their best friends. The second step was to analyze how the different conversations differed depending on the person to whom they were discussion these topics. For example the difference between how you spoke to your parents versus your friends. Thirdly the study examined the differences in the number of sexual health topics. The fourth way was by examining whether or not discussion of the sexual health topics

The primary determinants of behavior in Social Cognitive Theory are the knowledge of ways behavior affects one’s health, self-efficacy (the sense that one has the ability to control one’s behaviors in specific situations and under specific conditions), the costs and benefits that one expects to achieve as a result of decisions he or she makes concerning behaviors that may effect his or her health, the goals that one establishes for himself or herself, and the external factors that may affect one’s potential for attaining those goals (Sharma,

The purpose of the study was to look at the messages that youths receive from the two important sources of information, parents and friends. The study looked to explore the different types of messages being received by youth, and how they differed among parents and friends. When looking into the messages youths received the study explores three sexual discourses and their related messages. The first discourse was the gender-specific double standard discourse. The gender-specific double standard discourse acknowledges that boys and girls are socialized differently in terms of sexual behavior, and what is appropriate. When studying the messages from this discourse, the study looked to examine the extent to which gender-specific

The reason parents are fearful of the sex talk is because they cannot or do not want to picture their child having sex, even though it is a possibility, and the child will feel embarrassed to have their parents talk to them about sex. Because of these feelings, the talk repeatedly becomes delayed, and it either does not happen at all or it happens too late after their child has already had sex. “In the latest study on parent-child talks about sex and sexuality, researchers found that more than forty percent of adolescents had had intercourse before talking to their parents about safe sex, birth control or sexually transmitted diseases” (Park).

If teens aren’t getting sex education from their parents, they turn to their friends or the media. Much of the information they get from their friends is incorrect or incomplete. Friends often get their information from other friends or the media. The last thing parents or teens want to is to get the wrong information. “Although the media is full of sex and sexuality, it is mostly depicted in the most sensational and superficial sense. Realistic portrayals of relationships and sexuality are rare. More often, issues around sex and sexuality appear either without any context or without any emotional or relationship component. Moreover, the risks of sexual activity are often hyped beyond the point teens will believe.”

According to the Centers for Disease control and Prevention (CDC), sexual risk behaviors place adolescents at risk for HIV infection, other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and unintended pregnancy. An estimated 8,300 young people aged 13–24 years in the 40 states reporting to CDC had HIV infection in 2009. Nearly half of the 19 million new STDs each year are among young people aged 15–24 years. More than 400,000 teen girls aged 15–19 years gave birth in 2009 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). These numbers are disturbing and public health professions are always trying to find interventions and programs to prevent adolescent risky sexual behaviors. It’s important to determine the factors that influence young people’s health. According to Wright and Fullerton (2013) family structure, family connectedness, parental monitoring, and parents’ attitudes and values about sex are essential in making sure adolescent teens make the right decision about their sexual health. Sometimes when a family’s structure does not fit the norm, such as a two parent household, it can lead to the only onset of sexual intercourse. Other characteristics, such as lower socioeconomic status (SES), have also been related to earlier adolescent sexual initiation in the United States