Telerobotic Surgeries

Included in the discussion of their cultures we will also touch on the way some countries feel about these types of technology. It will be important for us to also talk about the environment. Then, finally, we must talk about both the moral and ethical aspects of using robots to perform surgery. By researching and reporting these things, it is our desire for everyone to not only have a better understanding of the technology, but to consider it as an alternate source, if needed in the future. It is technology like robotic assisted surgery that will help us have the long, healthy lives we all desire.

Technology has been advancing with the years, and it has changed how people live, communicate, travel, and learn. In particular, healthcare has changed due to the continuous technological advancements. Robotic advancements specifically have been transforming the health care industry. It is becoming noticeable that robotics are now being used for a variety of purposes in healthcare including drug making, moving supplies, administering drugs to patients, and monitoring patient vitals. A progressing form of robotics in healthcare is robotic surgery. One of the top functioning robotic surgery devices is the da Vinci Surgical System. Since 2000, surgical device has completed over 20,000 surgeries, which has set up the movement of using

As technology improves, surgical robots are rapidly gaining support among both doctors and patients across America. Today more than 900 hospitals have the da Vinci robot which is double the number in 2007. (Freyer, 2010) Da Vinci robots were first approved by the FDA in 2000 for prostate removal, but now da Vinci robots are used for a variety of other surgical procedures (Freyer, 2010). Robot assisted surgery offers advantages such as smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, less pain and faster healing time (Vijay, 2010), as well as making surgery less demanding for the surgeon. Robotic surgery involves many obvious advantages but the impact of cost, access, and quality must

Robot assisted surgeries are surgical procedures which utilize a robotic system controlled by a physician or a surgeon (via a computer). The robotic system is equipped with a camera to help the operator see the organ being operated upon. These systems are known for their precision, accuracy, delicacy, and overall efficient controlling options. [3] Since their invention, they have been, and currently are used in urological, neurological, endoscopic, cardiovascular, and gynecological surgeries. Robot assisted surgeries have been in practice since 1990 after the approval of the technology by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), although the history of Robot assisted surgery dates back to 1985 when it was first used to perform a neurological biopsy. [1]

This includes the increase in dexterity, the restore of proper hand-eye coordination, and improvement of visualization (Meyers et al.). In Cameron Scott’s article from the Healthline News, “Is da Vinci Robotic Surgery a Revolution or a Ripoff?,” he states that robotic devices including the da Vinci surgical device succeeds well in urology and the removal of prostate. Prostate removal is extremely difficult for open surgery practice, however the da Vinci made is easier with about 90 percent of these kinds of surgeries are now done robotically (Scott). Some evidence even suggest that with robotics used in prostatectomy, there is less blood loss, faster recovery, and fewer internal scarring according to reports mention in Eastham’s article (Eastham et al.). There are many other examples from hospitals and manufactures that support the uses of robotic surgery and its benefits. However, even though these new technologies of robotic devices are supposedly be helping patients and making surgeries less invasive, they are still many concerns of how they should be properly regulated.

The medical industry has made a lot of progress in the 21st century with robots. The CT scanner, the Aethon TUG, Bestic and Cosmobot to entertain children just to name a few. All of these robots have boosted the amount of time a doctor can spend with its patients by over 35%.

The 21st century can rightfully be considered as the era of technology when the new inventions and discoveries will most likely affect all the segments of human life. At this point, some of the breakthrough inventions of our times have been in the medical field. Robotic surgery has become an almost common practice in the advanced medical world and new uses for robotic assisted surgery are everyday set in place. However, such developments also attract different interests and implications.

One type of scope is a Laparoscope, which is a thin telescope fitted with a cold light source and a video camera (http://www.laparoscopic.md/instruments). The most commonly used chemical for sterilization is Ethylene Oxide. Chemicals are used for sterilization when objects being used cannot withstand the high temperatures used in steam sterilization techniques. Robots are used to help doctors use more minimally invasive techniques. Robots can be used for hysterectomies, joint replacement surgery, open heart surgery, and kidney surgery. Patient recovery times have changed quite a bit since minimally invasive surgeries have begun. Before, patient recovery times from a cardiac surgery ranged from 6 to 8 weeks; now they range from 2 to 4 weeks. This has changed things because now, with minimally invasive surgery, doctors are able to treat more patients with less complications.

Surgery today is a field of study that relays on technology greatly. Whether it's a simple appendectomy, or a 16 hour open heart surgery, Surgeons have to work with technology. Technology has made surgery easier, post op healing faster, and patient care more convenient for both doctors and patients. These listed results have pushed scientist to continue to experiment and push through barriers to increase and further technolgies role in surgical medicine.

Robots also allowed extremely intricate and complex surgeries to take place; surgeries that man can't perform.

Can robotic doctors do more than we think? Researchers have compared patients who have had traditional laparoscopy surgery have a kidney removed, but then they compared people that have paid a little more for robots to help the doctors with surgery they only make a large incision and they don't have to have one of their kidneys removed. But even though the robotic doctors make only one incision the person who has the surgery has to stay in the hospital the same length of time as well as the people who don’t have robots doing the surgery. Stanford University Medical Center have looked at 24,000 kidney removal surgeries in 416 hospitals across the United States from 2003 to 2015. Patients with cancer that have had conventional laparoscopic

Originally there were two robotic systems, one was the Zeus System and the other was the Da Vinci System. The Da Vinci system quickly overtook the Zeus system, and the company that developed the Zeus system is now under control Intuitive Surgical Systems. (Fischer, 2012) The Da Vinci System has advanced since its birth, and is more prominent today. This robot has gone through many redesigns to keep up with the changing field of medicine. The Da Vinci robot is able to perform surgeries with the help of a surgeon guiding the robot. This makes surgery easier, efficient, and recovery time is decreased. The robot has revolutionized how surgeries now take place, because they are less intrusive and help patients have a faster recovery time; however, these robots are very expensive for hospitals and the cost to have a surgery using one of these robots differs from one hospital to another. These robots are the future of medicine, and soon the robot will be able to perform all types of surgeries with the help of a surgeon. Currently the Da Vinci System can be used to perform a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, prostatectomy, colectomy, hernia repair, pulmonary lobectomy, cardiac surgeries, gastric bypass, and hysterectomy. These are a significantly greater amount of procedures that can be performed, in comparison to laparoscopy.

Technology is relatively new in our community, it is constantly evolving to improve our everyday lives. From high tech robotic instruments to home computers or cellphones that have countless capabilities have come a long way from the beginning of technology. Including home appliances that are in people smart homes have definitely been upgraded all due to computers and their accessory. Medical Technology has come a long way from the late 1850 however, the past 50 years medical technology has been in high gear with numerous advancements. Medical devices have been very useful in today 's world, with CT scans and MRI devices that are used daily to detect early stages of many diseases and conditions. Therefore medical robotic surgery has grown in popularity, especially laparoscopic surgery. Medical Technology has greatly improved, especially in the area of laparoscopic surgery, which has numerous benefits in women’s health, pediatrics and abdominal emergency surgeries.

Technology is transforming the medical field with the design of robotic devices and multifaceted imaging. Even though these developments have made operations much less invasive, robotic systems have their own disadvantages that prevent them from replacing surgeons all together. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a broad notion encompassing a lot of common procedures that existed prior to the introduction of robots. It refers to general procedures that keep away from long cuts by entering the body through small, usually about 1cm, entry incisions, through which surgeons use long-handled instruments to operate on tissue inside the body. Such operations are directed by viewing equipment and, therefore, do not automatically need the use of a robot. Yet, it is not incorrect to say that computer-assisted and robotic surgeries are categories that fall under minimally invasive surgery (Robotic Surgery, n.d.).

The medical field has revolutionized the health and well being of society. Throughout the decades, the medical field has been through sweeping changes that leave society astonished. It seems like each year that passes by, there is a new technological advancement that modernizes the medical field. Not only do these advancements modernize medicine, but they in return aid doctors, nurses, and specialists by improving their effectiveness within the field. About ten years ago, the da Vinci Surgical System was introduced to hospitals and the medical field, in general because the FDA had finally approved the system within the United States (Dunkin). The da Vinci Surgical System, also known basically as robotic surgery, introduced the use of a