Gagne, Miller, and Goldsmith (2013) used the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab-TAB; Goldsmith, Reilly, Lemery, Longley, & Prescott, 1999) to assess gender differences in shyness, activity level, and inhibitory control on 714 twins at the age of 36 months. Specifically, they evaluated this age group because it is a critical age in the development of gender differences regarding temperament. Also, the use of dizygotic opposite-sex twin pairs as a sample allowed for high internal validity and control in examining gender differences. They hypothesized, that male children would demonstrate higher levels of activity, and girl children would instead demonstrate higher levels of fear and inhibitory control. They also expected to see a correlation between high activity level, low shyness, and low inhibitory control within the twin sample. …show more content…
Parents were also asked to complete the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ; Rothbart, Ahadi, Hershey, & Fisher, 2001) with questions concerning each child’s temperament in varying situations. As hypothesized, the results of both the Lab-TAB and CBQ showed significant gender differences present early on in development, such that male children tended to be high in activity level, and girl children tended to be high in shyness and inhibitory control. The results theoretical implications suggest that effortful and inhibitory behaviors assist in the development of fear, and that motor activity may help in resolving fear. Across gender, activity level was consistently negatively correlated with inhibitory
Samuel Kelvin "Sammy" Peralta Sosa was Born on November 12, 1968, in San Pedro de Marcoris, Dominican Republic, Sammy Sosa was a slugger who spent the peak years of his career with the Chicago Cubs. In 1998, Sosa was caught up in race with Mark McGwire of the St. Louis Cardinals to beat Roger Maris's record of 61 home runs in a season. Gwire broke the record first and ended the season with 70 runs while Sosa had a total of 66 runs. Sosa played for the Texas Rangers in 2007, his last professional season. His parents Lucrecia and Bautista were not well off and Sammy had a hard childhood, with his father passing away when he was just seven. His family lived in an abandoned hospital while Sammy sold oranges on the street and shined shoes to make
Ben Tenenbaum EUH3185 4/1/18 Viking Database Option 2: With so many powerful and influential Vikings it is hard to choose one to exemplify the group. With legends like Ragnar Lodbrok, Erik the red and Cnut the great it is a difficult choice to pick one above the rest. Each of these men each accomplished so much and brought about drastic consequences with their every move. However, it is the feats accomplished by Cnut that capture the most admiration. Cnut the Great is the Viking king that breaks the belief that Vikings were pure savages who only raided and pillaged.
Twin studies have been a large part of the growing debate on whether genetics or environment (nature v. nature) is responsible for the cognitive, socio-cultural and biological development. In order to properly assess twin studies it is important to know why and how they are relevant in psychology. Identical twins are especially effective in research particularly in the field of developmental psychology and behavioral genetics due to the monozygotic genes which means they originate from a single zygote (fertilized egg) which essentially means they share 100% of the same genes. Due to this exact copy of genes between twins means this can be efficiently be used in order to observe the impact of
The Beck Depression Inventory is a testing tool which is used to evaluate the continuation and severity of the symptoms of depression, as recorded in the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2000). The test includes questions which asses the symptoms of serious depression, which may possibly call for hospitalization. The latest revised edition replaces the BDI and the BDI-1A, which includes items intending to indicate symptoms of severe depression, which may require hospitalization. Items include been distorted to specify increases or decreases in sleep and appetite. The most important purpose of the new version of the BDI was
Personality is defined as the unique way in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels throughout life (Ciccarelli, 2014). Numerous individuals are curious in regards to their actions and how their mind works, thus leading companies to create personality tests, in order to provide individuals with some perspective on their personality. While individuals can take personality tests for leisure, personality tests are often utilized in situations such as job interviews, diagnosing mental disorders, and educational purposes. Two popular personality tests are the Keirsey Temperament Sorter and the Big Five Personality test. After taking both tests, I analyzed them using my knowledge of general psychology and of my own actions. I found the
This paper introduces the overview of personality assessment approaches in use currently in society. It proceeds to review the big five personality measures, its validity in prediction of personality types (Archer, 2011). The topic on MIPS questionnaires use in personality measurements and scoring methods used by the system is reviewed. Aspects on the social desirability trait and the distortion produced in responses to evaluation questionnaires, being a significant part of the problems in personality assessment is examined. Social desirability does not have an influence on the predictive validity of personality assessments. It is not related to performance in the job. Various strategies used for reduction of social desirability have been studied. The various tools used in assessments are recapitulated including some methodological aspects (Weiner, 2009). Cultural aspects in evaluation of personality discussed are touched upon. Two case studies are used to show the real life situation of personality assessment.
The first source is title Observed Classroom Behavior of Children with Relationship to Gender and Comorbidity. Something this study suggests is that boys display more outer conduct than girls do. Boys appear to act out more through high levels of energy, squirming, or being too loud in inappropriate situations. Girls seem to show symptoms of ADHD with things like losing things, being
After reflecting my observations and using the nine headings of the temperament assessment scale on Daisy and I, I will compare two temperaments to determine “Goodness of Fit.
Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of Personality (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Millions of illegal immigrants come into the U.S. every year. Illegal immigrants pay more taxes than they cost in services and they take low-paying jobs that U.S. citizens don’t want, but need to be taken. Illegal immigrants shouldn’t be forcibly removed from the U.S..
The personality assessment inventory tests provide results on my individual personality, values, motivation, decision making, communication, team skills, conflict skills, organizational structure preference, and stress. These results are broken down briefly in three parts and do not include any personal speculation or analysis as to their meaning. The application of these results are further applied and explains how the results noted from the tests and in the first step will make me a better employee, co-worker, and manager within my organization. These tests mentioned above are applied in conjunction with particular examples on how I can achieve becoming a better employee, co-worker, and manager. An explanation of how my personality and experiences were affected by the Holy Spirit is also discussed. Particularly, how potential weaknesses have become strengths with the guidance of the Lord.
Many people have tried to study the psychological differences between genders and found that there are very few. One such study, conducted by Janet Shibley Hyde, used meta-analysis to compare men’s and women’s reactions to certain social situations. Using the equation difference is equal to the mean score for males minus the mean score for women divided by the within-gender standard deviation, Shibley Hyde found that most differences were close to zero, difference was equal to or less than .1, and very few were large dissimilarities, where difference was above .66 (Shibley Hyde). She also found that differences varied according to social context.
Many children tend to act out how they are feeling instead of verbalizing it. They show aggressive and out of control behaviors towards their relationships. Boys tend to be more likely to exhibit these traits. Girls, however, are more likely to hold in anger, fear, and anxiety, leading to depression. Both of these problems can significantly affect how well a child learns. If a child’s education is affected, it could stay with them throughout their lives. (Santrock 201)
Secondly, temperaments are behavioral profiles that are measureable and testable in a child’s early childhood as children are born with their natural style of interacting and reacting to people and the environment. However, it is not something that a child chooses from birth, it is rather shaped by a child’s experiences and responses. Often parents need to accept their child’s traits and adjust themselves to educate them. There are three constellations of temperament characteristic which are “easy”, children that are typically adaptable, “difficult”, children that tend to be intense and “slow-to-warm-up”, and children that are easily upset by change (Thomas & Chess, 1950). Children with different temperament .By identifying the proper discipline techniques, traits that are present from birth can be molded to continue to influence growth in essential ways throughout life.
Personality is a ‘dynamic organisation, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that crate the person’s characteristic patterns of behaviour, thoughts and feelings’ (Allport, 1961, p.11). Various terms were used to define personality across the description of individual differences from various perspectives (Maltby, Day & Macaskill, 2007, pp. 9). Personality psychology is spread wide out therefore there are significant researches done throughout to understand personality, one of the research in describing and explaining gender differences in personality. Although, this topic may seem evolved, it was not until the 1970’s when significant studies were piloted to learn gender differences in personality. To understand the emphasis and analysis of gender differences in personality, this essay will aim to approach theories and research evidence to confer the gender differences in personality. It will cover the aetiology of where these differences originated, followed by biological perspective to determine the gender of one self (male or female). Also, dig further into how personality theory of traits can explain the differences with evidence. However, firstly a brief account of male and female differences will be explained below.