Temperature And Lactose Lab Report

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, without being used up or changed. Catalase is a globular protein molecule that is found in all living cells. A globular protein is a protein with its molecules curled up into a 'ball' shape. All enzymes have an active site. This is where another molecule(s) can bind with the enzyme. This molecule is known as the substrate. When the substrate binds with the enzyme, a product is produced. Enzymes are specific to their substrate, because the shape of their active site will only fit the shape of their substrate. It is said that the substrate is complimentary to their substrate.

Enzymes are very large globular proteins with three dimensional shapes which is vital for enzyme activity as natural catalyst in chemical reactions within the living organisms (7).

All enzymes are structured to react with unique substrates. and each enzyme has an active site where the substrate bonds to the enzyme. The active site of an enzyme is shaped to fit the specific substrate it reacts with.

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for reactions. This simply means that enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to take place, allowing a particular reaction to take place much quicker and easier. Specific enzymes only lower the activation energy for specific reactions, and enzymes are shape-specific. The unique folds of the amino

Enzymes have things called ‘Active Sites’ this the spot where substrates bind and chemical reaction takes place. Each enzyme has a different shape, this allows the enzyme to receive only one type of

In part II of the lab six small glass tubes were obtained in a test tube rack. Ten drops of distilled water were then added to test tube 1, five drops to tubes 2-4, and no drops in tubes 5 and 6. Five drops of 0.1M HCl were added to test tube 5 and five drops of 0.1M NaOH to test tube 6. Five drops of enzyme were then added to all tubes except tube 1. Tube 3 was then placed in the ice bucket and tube 4 was placed in the hot bucket at 80-900C for five minutes, the remaining tubes were left in the test tube rack. After the five minutes five drops of 1% starch was added to every tube and left to sit for ten minutes. After ten minutes five drops of DNSA were then added to all the tubes. All the tubes were then taken and placed in the

Abstract Enzymes are organic catalysts that can help speed up chemical reactions (enzymes function p57). There are very few exceptions, however all enzymes are proteins. Every enzyme is specific to a certain chemical reaction depending on its substrate as well as amount (enzyme function p57). Enzymes must maintain a specific structure so that they can work properly. If an enzyme's structure is changed by chemicals or heat it may not be able to function at all.

Enzymes work by the lock and key theory (Audesirk et al, 2008, page 50) which states that enzymes have a particular location, called an active site, where molecules (called substrate) bind. Because of the shape of the active site only specific molecules can enter. Any change to the shape of the enzyme can affect its ability to bind to the substrate.

Enzymes are key to the proper function of cellular life. From aiding in digestion to assisting in the transformation of energy from one type to another, enzymes are crucial for human daily life. Luckily for the cell, enzymes are not destroyed when they catalyze a reaction, but can be used over and over. Each enzyme has a specific job because they can only recognize one substrate, which is the molecule (or molecules) the enzyme acts on, or a few closely related substrates, and convert it into a specific product. Each enzyme is shaped in its own specific way because of the hydrogen bonds that cause it to helix or pleat in different sections.

We did this to test which test tube would contain the highest concentration of glucose. What we wanted to know was if the lactase would affect the function of the enzyme. Our hypothesis is the lactase functions within a narrow pH and that will change in pH would affect the function of the enzyme. We predict that if we change the environmental factors it will have an effect the function of the enzyme if the pH is outside the range in its optimum activity. Our hypothesis was then proven because the reaction only occurred in a neutral and acidic state of pH, not basic. Which means the enzymes prime ability to function is a neutral, and acidic pH range.

The purpose of this lab is to examine the specificity of the lactase enzyme to a specific substrate and how it can denature due to the rise in temperature.

There are thousands of chemical reactions that occur in an organism that make life possible. Most of these chemical reactions occur too slowly on their own. Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in a cell. Catalysts are not changed by the reactions they control, and are not used up during the reaction. Enzymes therefore, can be used over and over again. Enzymes are large complex proteins made by the cell and allow chemical reactions to take place at the temperature of the cell. These catalysts are needed in only very small amounts because a single enzyme molecule can complete the same reaction thousands of times in one minute.

Enzymes are very efficient catalysts for biochemical reactions. They speed up reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy. Like all catalysts, enzymes take part in the reaction - that is how they provide an alternative reaction pathway. But they do not undergo permanent changes and so remain unchanged at the end of the reaction. They can only alter the rate of reaction, not the position of the equilibrium. Enzymes are usually highly selective, catalyzing specific reactions only. This specificity is due to the shapes of the enzyme molecules.

The purpose of this lab report is to investigate the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity as tested with the enzyme catalase and the substrate hydrogen peroxide at several concentrations to produce oxygen. It was assumed that an increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration would decrease the amount of time the paper circle with the enzyme catalase present on it, sowing an increase in enzyme activity. Therefore it can be hypothesised that there would be an effect on catalase activity from the increase in hydrogen peroxide concentration measured in time for the paper circle to ride to the top of the solution.

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and help reactions take place. In short, enzymes reduce the energy needed for a reaction to take place, permitting a reaction to take place more easily. Some enzymes are shape specific and reduce the energy for certain reactions. Enzymes have unique folds of the amino acid chain which result in specifically shaped active sites (Frankova Fry 2013). When substrates fit in the active site of an enzyme, then it is able to catalyze the reaction. Enzyme activity is affected by the concentrations of the enzymes and substrate present (Worthington 2010). As the incidence of enzyme increases, the rate of reaction increases. Additionally, as the incidence of substrate increases so does the rate of reaction.