Tendon Essay

A tendon is a tough group of fibrous connective tissue that can with stand a lot of tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments; however, they connect muscles to bones. It is the tendon which pulls on the bone when a muscle contracts.

Aim: The purpose of this report is to learn about quadriceps tendonitis. By examining a range of internet articles based on the condition I hope to reveal information on the injury. How it occurs, its symptoms, how it can be diagnosed, the treatment process and furthermore the future issues that one could possibly experience.

To start, stem cells have been proven effective in human application. In the article, “Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation” Mats Brittberg et al. inform orthopedists of the long-term success of stem cell treatments on full thickness cartilage damage in the knee after interviewing patients

3-6: This slide shows a section of a tendon with regularly arranged closely packed collagen fibers running in the same direction. This results in a flexible tissue with great resistance to pulling forces. With its enormous tensile strength, this tissue forms cord like tendons, which join muscles to bones, sheet-like aponeuroses, which attach muscles to muscles or muscles to bones, and ligaments, which bind bones together at joints.

Avoid using the tendon (other than gentle range of motion) while the tendon is painful. Do not resume use until told by your health care provider. Then begin use gradually. Do not increase use to the point of pain. If pain develops, decrease use and continue the above measures. Gradually increase activities that do not cause discomfort until you achieve normal

The recovery period after large scale injuries could be shortened. The effects are analyzed in an article that states, “True healing could occur thanks to the cloning of their own cells to help the recovery process” (“Pros and Cons” 5). Basically, the process of cloning healthy cells could be used as an aid in replenishing damage of unhealthy cells. This process, if it were to be actualized, could help recovery progress in anything from pulled muscles to the paralysis of an entire limb. In theory, the same research can be applied in other areas. If this technology is paired with stem cell research, it could result in a method of repairing physical damage. An article that focused on advances in biotechnology stated that “Another use of cloned stem cells could be the growth of replacement tissues in the laboratory” (LaPensee 15). Necrosis, apoptosis, and lymphocyte diapedesis all cause tissue damage or death. These tissues could be replaced by cloned cells of healthy tissues. This shortens recovery periods and leads to healthier tissue growth.

Tendons – a cord of tissue serving to connect a muscle with a bone or part

With an ever increasing number of people becoming involved with athletic activities, there is an increasing number of injuries occurring which can be devastating for the individual. Most of the injuries that affect athletes occur in one of four structures in the human body: bones, muscles, tendons, or ligaments. Because ligaments attach bone to bone and play a major part in providing stability for joints, the major stabilizing ligament in the knee, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), assists in performing everyday actions of the human body including sitting, standing, walking, running, dancing, and participating in other sports. The injury that specifically affects this ligament is very serious and always

Tendon are small cord like bands that connect muscle to the bone. They have an important role in the body. When they get hurt, the tendons start micro tearing. If it gets worse it will

Supraspinatus tendonitis typically occurs when there is an impingement of the supraspinatus muscle of the shoulder joint between the acromion as it passes by the acromion and humerus head. In response, the supraspinatus tendon and the contiguous peritendinous soft tissues become inflamed. The supraspinatus is a muscle located in the supraspinatus fossa of the scapula located in the shoulder and is largely affected by supraspinatus tendonitis. The supraspinatus allows for the abduction of the shoulder and its insertion is the greater tuberosity of the humerus. Tendonitis is the inflammation of a tendon and commonly occurs in the elbows, knees, and shoulders. Therefore, supraspinatus tendonitis is the inflammation of the supraspinatus. This condition is a very common inflammatory problem because it can be caused by the abduction of the arm, which is involved in many sports and activities.

As people in the world live longer as a result of advances in medicine and technology, more and more people are suffering from osteoarthritis, especially in the knee. Osteoarthritis in the degeneration of cartilage, which causes chronic pain and disability. Today, around 10-15% of people over the age of 60 suffer from osteoarthritis, and by 2050, it is estimated that greater than 20 percent of the total world population will experience OA (Kong et al). Today’s there are a number of treatments, many of which have serious complications or do not fix the problem. Typically for severe cases of osteoarthritis, total knee replacement surgery is the accepted treatment, however as many as 20 percent of patients still experience pain or other complications post-surgery (Freitag et al). The use of regenerative methods such as the use of mesenchymal stem cells could provide an better alternative to this procedure. Mesenchymal stem cells are found in bone marrow as well as other sources such as umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, and muscle, and are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate into multiple tissues including cartilage, bone, and fat. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy is the future in treating osteoarthritis in the knee because it produces real cartilage, effectively reduces pain and is safe.

A tendon transfer surgery involves the precise cutting of the tendon at its normal insertion point, and then threading it through the soft tissues either around or between bones, and connecting it to another bone. Because the tendon and surrounding tissues are so fragile, this procedure requires the gifted, meticulous hands of a surgeon. I had this procedure when I was seven and it truly was the single most influential ‘work’ in my life. Not only did it give me another chance at mobility, my tendon transfer operation fostered a tenacious spirit within me.

Achilles’ Tendon is the name of a bone in the back of the human leg, and its name comes from the only part of Achilles’ body that was a weak spot.

They include keratin found in hair and nails, and collagen found in connective tissue. Collagen under a microscope look like long fibres that are woven together to create extra strength, it is a fibrous protein. Collagen is made up of three polypeptide chains wound around each other. Hydrogen bonds forms between the chains and this gives the structure strength.The collagen account for around a quarter of all proteins in the body. The function of collagen is to give mechanical strength. In the walls of arteries, a layer of collagen prevents blood that is being pumped from the heart at high pressure from bursting the walls. Tendons connect skeletal muscles to the bones. Tendons are mostly collagen and form a strong connection that allows muscles to pull bones for movement. Collagen is also responsible for the elasticity of the skin, which is why the skin becomes wrinkled when it lacks collagen . It also makes the skin waterproof. The functions of collagen in the connective tissue include nutrient transport and inflammation.

The focus of regenerative medicine is to the combine effects of a cell source, scaffold support, and anabolic stimulus to enable healing to the damaged tissue. One of the options for a cell source would be tenocytes; however, this would leave a lesion at the donor site from a biopsy, which cannot be done to a horse’s flexor tendon without additional consequences. Also, cells derived from different tendons show different characteristics compromising their effectiveness. Another option for differentiated fibroblasts includes dermal and ligament fibroblasts, but they have different cell characteristics that may not be useful in tendon repair. Therefore, stem cells are being seen as the greatest option for soft tissue repairing and healing (Herthel