Tension Pneumothorax Research Paper

Hemothorax is a type of pleural effusion in which blood accumulates in the pleural space. The excess fluid can interfere with normal breathing by limiting expansion of the lungs.

The presence of fluid in the alveolar space could potentially cause the lung capacity to be effected as well.

Air escaped from the lung into the pleural space. Eventually, enough air collected in the pleural space to cause the mediastinum to shift twoard the right. The collapsed left lung, increased intrapleural pressure, and rightward shift make it difficult to ventilate A.W.

A 50 years old male who has bilateral pneumonia, was found to have pneumothorax while on mechanical ventilation CPAP/PS mode. While placing the pigtail catheter, the patient

The bronchi and bronchiole tubes are loosely wrapped with muscle. During regular breathing, the muscles around these airways are relaxed (5). This allows air to flow freely through these passageways to the alveoli. However, during an asthma attack, air has trouble reaching the alveoli, which prevents the body from receiving oxygen. This is because the airways become smaller. Firstly, the muscles around the airways spasm and contract. This then causes inflammation of the bronchioles and bronchi themselves, which causes a mucus to be produced.

It causes a decrease in lung functions, and very often, shows signs of breathlessness. It is indeed a destructive disease of the lung in which the alveoli (small sacs) that promote oxygen exchange between the air and the bloodstream are destroyed. Emphysema is a progressive, degenerative kind of disease that destroys many alveolar walls. As a result, clusters of small air sacs merge into larger chambers, which decrease the total surface area of the alveolar walls. At the same time, the alveolar walls lose their elasticity and the capillary networks associated with the alveoli diminish (Shier et al; 2010). It is in this sense that a person with emphysema finds it very difficult and increasingly hard to breath, has to force air out of the lungs because the tissue elasticity of the lungs and for that matter, the alveolar sacs have reduced or completely destroyed. Furthermore, abnormal muscular efforts are required to compensate for the lack of elastic recoil that normally contributes to

Now lets look a tension pneumothorax. A tension pneumothorax is when airs builds up in the pleural space [from a chest injury allowing air to enter but not get out] and cause the lungs to compress and decrease return blood flow to the heart causing shock. Tension pneumothorax is a serious and potential deadly condition that can sometimes be controlled by placing a coated trama pad over the hole to control air going in. Another procedure called needle decompression can be done by ALS providers.

Participants in this study performed two types of tasks: chest wall maneuvers and speech breathing activities. The chest wall tasks consisted of many different maneuvers, including isovolume, vital capacity, rib cage capacity, abdominal capacity, and relaxation maneuvers. Isovolume maneuvers were conducted, in which the participant displaced volume back and forth from the abdomen to the rib cage with a closed larynx. In vital capacity maneuvers, the participant inspired maximally from resting expiratory level then expired maximally. The minimum and maximum rib cage volumes during the vital capacity maneuver determined rib cage capacity maneuvers, and abdominal capacity maneuvers consisted of the range of abdominal volumes while the participant held their breath. Lastly, relaxation maneuvers were performed in which the participant completely relaxed the chest wall muscles while keeping their larynx closed. Speech breathing activities consisted of two measures: extemporaneous speech and reading speech. For the extemporaneous speech activity, the participant spoke 10 to 20 breath groups about the topic of his choice. For the reading speech activity, the participant read a 12-sentence

heart problems the damaged of alveoli lead to decrease the amount of oxygen in bloodstream because of that the heat will pump strongly to allow blood to reach the lungs. Emphysema also may increase the pressure on blood vessels that connect the lungs and heart, in addition, it can affect a section, which response for contractile and relaxing of the heart, called cor pulmonale. Moreover, pneumothorax, which called also collapsed lung. At this case,, Lager holes, or giant bullae, it is form when empty spaces is develop. Large holes may be as big as half of the lungs. These giant bullae may burst , as a result, the lung deflation will

There are two types of pneumothorax: primary spontaneous pneumothorax which is rupture of an air-filled bleb on the surface of the lung because of alveolar pressure and the secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, which is more serious because is associated with, lung disease that cause trapping of gases and destruction of lung tissue. The most common cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is emphysema and it is a life-threatening due to poor compensatory reserves (Grossman & Porth, 2014).

D. The lung has special membranes that surround it. Those membranes are known as the parietal and visceral membranes. They serve as shields to help with defense, absorption and secretion (Thompson). When large amounts of liquid enter the lung membrane, it creates enough pressure to squeeze your lung to the point that it partially or completely collapses (Mayo Clinic). A partial or complete collapsed lung will reduce the amounts of oxygen, therefore causing difficulty breathing (Mayo

With the patient sitting, the student nurse examined the patient 's anterior, lateral, and posterior chest. Chest inspection allows the student nurse to see visible external signs of respiratory function. The student assesses the front, back, and sides of the chest for any scars, wounds, or lesions. The student then looks for symmetry of chest wall movement and observes the duration of the inspiratory/ expiratory cycle. As seen in patients with emphysema, a prolonged expiration occurs when an individual has difficulty expelling air (Jarvis, 2004). The student then notes the patient 's respiratory pattern and breathing rhythm and looks to see if the patient uses accessory muscles of respiration. In a healthy adult, respirations should occur between 12 and 20 times each minute (Jarvis, 2004).

During mechanical ventilation, patients are at risk of injuries to their lungs caused by improper settings on ventilators. Mechanical ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) can affect the lung in several ways. Some of the ways the lung become affected is by excessive pressure, excessive volume, and not enough volume. When the lungs are affected by excessive pressure its termed pulmonary barotrauma. On the other hand, if the lungs receive too much volume it’s called volutrauma. However, when the lungs don’t receive enough volume its termed atelectrauma. This paper describes how pulmonary barotrauma, pulmonary volutrauma, and pulmonary atelectrauma affects the lungs during mechanical ventilation and ways to prevent them from happening.

This study demonstrated that thoracolumbar manipulation and diaphragm release technique applied to anatomical attachment areas of the diaphragm had a beneficial effect on diaphragm strength. Subjects in the treatment group, who received diaphragm release directly to the lower part of the chest just at the last four ribs on both sides then followed by manipulation techniques to thoracolumbar junction (lower thoracic/upper lumbar vertebra T12-L1). The thumb was placed underneath the both hemi-diaphragm just below the xiphoid process of the sternum and the rest of the fingers over the rib cage at rib 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and abdominal diaphragm which are demonstrated in abdominal breathing increasing in the harmony movements in relation to the chest movement of the breathing pattern. Prior to the applying the diaphragm technique all the participants were evaluated from breathing and chest movement point of view; most of them were upper chest breather and this is an indication of diaphragm

Obstructions in the airway can cause the patient to experience hard time breathing. Then, patient will experience