Terminology: Clinical Facilication

The second half of this is outline too brief and superficial to be very helpful. See these web sites that do a better job describing Ankle Fractures:

An eighteen-year old female athlete suffered from chronic pain at the base of her left great toe. She had x-rays and a MRI performed, showing chronic fracture/stress fracture of the medial sesamoid. Previously, the athlete had been treated non-operatively multiple times over the past four years. She stated that pain would subside for some time, but when returning to training pain would return. The athlete elected to have the bone excised, given that the bone had not healed (6).

According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, a fracture is a fancy term for a broken bone. A bone can be completely or partially broken in a number of different directions and ways. The type of fracture is determined by the direction and severity of the break (lengthwise, crosswise, broken into many pieces, pierced the skin, etc.).

On 09/08/2017, the claimant presented with a left ankle pain which has been present for 1 week. It was noted that the symptoms occurred on the left side. It was described as sharp and intermittent. The claimant sustained a left ankle injury on 08/28/2017 while running. The pain was relieved with braces and was not relieved by heat and ice. Her weight was 135 pounds and her BMI was 21.22. The left foot/ankle examination revealed tenderness to palpation over the medial malleolus. The x-ray of the left ankle revealed a non-displaced transverse fracture at the distal portion of the medial malleolus. She was diagnosed with a left ankle stress fracture medial malleolus. An outside DME bone stimulator and the use of a boot were recommended.

– Helps distinguish between chronic vertebral fractures from deformities and other conditions that may lead to

Distal tibial fractures have the second highest incidence of all tibial fractures after the middle third tibia8 These fractures are unique due to the fact that, the distal tibia is covered with relatively less muscular coverage and is relatively less vascular bone. Even lower velocity trauma can cause severe soft tissue injury and bony communition. These fractures are usually associated with lower fibular fractures which need to be fixed to get stable ankle mortis. Any mal union of these fractures can disrupt the biomechanics of the ankle & foot joints leading to the early arthritis of these joints. The fractures being very near to the ankle joint any form of fixation is vulnerable due to amplification of the bending moment of the short distal

When someone has a sprained ankle, it will be classified into 1 of 3 categories, they are:

If it is an anterior column fracture, which is usually the case, it can be considered as an elementary anterior column fracture, and divided into four categories:

A stress fracture is a tiny fracture in a bone in your foot that develops slowly. This is different from a sudden injury or broken bone. For a stress fracture to develop, you have to have repeated stress on your feet. This might happen if you begin running for a longer time than usual without gradually building up to the new distance. You might also get a stress fracture if you frequently run in worn out shoes or shoes that don't support your feet properly. When your foot isn't supported when you run, your muscles get fatigued and pass

This is injury is not as common when compared to a lateral ankle sprain. An individual will experience this injury if they pronate, externally rotate, or abduct their ankle beyond the normal limits. This can happen in competitive sports or just walking in everyday life. Pain, swelling, and restricted range of motion will be present in any type of ankle injury. Bruising and trouble walking will be evident in more severe cases. Also the individual might hear a pop when the injury first happened. In any case where a someone suspects a sprain a healthcare professional should be involved for further investigation to make sure it gets treated properly and no further damage is caused. “a severely injured ankle may not heal well and could lose its range of motion and stability3”. It’s important to take care or the injury as soon as possible and get back to normal

When an accident occurs and to much force is being put upon the bone, it may break. Depending on the force, the bone may break to only a small crack, or it can break thoroughly. However, in some situations, the bone may shatter. There are a few different type of common types of fractures: stable fracture, open, compound fracture, transverse fracture, oblique fracture, and comminuted fracture. Stable fracture is when the fractured

Appropriate diagnosis and emergent debridement of the open fractures must be done. The soft tissue injury often masks the underlying degree of injury making it less obvious “skin at risk .The skin that is damaged by the high energy forces which caused the fracture or by the subsequent displacement of the fracture, may finally breakdown if subjected to further injury. If skin is not avoided in surgical approaches, there is fair enough chance of wound breakdown. Similarly, swollen tissues may place skin at risk and further damage due to surgical incision may cause breakdown. Compartment syndrome can be resulted from swelling. Significant bleeding may occur in the proximal tibial metaphysis with fracture .Fascial compartments of the leg may swell as a consequence of associated soft tissue injuries. These factors can lead to the development of compartment syndrome. Fractures caused by direct trauma are most at risk for development of compartment syndrome but still it is recommended to have a high level of suspicion in all fractures of the proximal leg. Urgent fascial decompression is necessary in all cases of compartment syndrome. The use of internal fixation is determined by the degree of soft tissue injury.. In those cases where internal fixation is necessary, we use external fixators on temporary basis, to decrease the soft tissue injury and make suitable environment for success of implant and preventing infection. It will stabilize the skeletal injury until definitive management of the fracture and help stabilize the soft tissues, preventing further soft tissue compromise and helping to subside the swelling occurred with the

As the name suggests, a stress fracture is a small crack in any of the weight-bearing bones of the body. Runners can get a wide variety of stress fractures, but the most common locations are (in order) the tibia, the metatarsals, the femur, the fibula and the navicular.

Of the three periods ante, peri and post-mortem, ante mortem is the easiest of all three to identify. This is because the trauma-sustained ante-mortem will have generally already began to show signs of healing (Sauer, N.J. 1998). The healing process begins almost immediately after the fracture; evidence of the healing process can show just one week after the injury. Between weeks, one and three the edges of the fracture will start to become remoulded and rounded and by weeks six, a bony callus will begin to form. These periods can only be considered a general overview because different factors such as health and location and severity of the fracture come into play. The assessment of trauma forms an extremely important part of the investigation

There are three most popular types of some causes of fractures. The first type is called Trauma. Trauma is, “a fall, a motor vehicle accident, or a tackle during a football game can all result in fractures” (“Fractures (Broken Bones)”). Trauma is basically something that is an accident that causes a fracture. As found in research, some traumas can be falls, vehicle accidents, or even tackles in any sport; it doesn’t have to be football, since there are tackles in almost any sports. Traumas are popular as there are many accidents going on in this world, nowadays. The second type is called Osteoporosis. “Osteoporosis is a disorder of the bones, which weakens a bone, making a bone more likely to break” (“Fractures (Broken Bones)”). Osteoporosis