Terror. Grief. Destruction. All feelings or happenings of which remind humanity of disastrous

Q1. Terrorism is an act done by an individual or a group, using violence or the threat of violence to frighten people, in order to achieve a political, social or religious goal. The word “terrorism” comes from the French word terrorisme, meaning “to frighten.” Terrorism was originally referred specifically to state terrorism, which the French Government practised during the years 1793 – 1794 in the “reign of terror.” The roots and practices of terrorism can be traced back to 1st century AD in Judea where there was an assassination of Roman rulers. Terrorist ideology and aims vary from each individual and/or group. There has been over 2000 cases of terrorism driven by religious purposes. Religious terrorism is carried out due to motivations and goals in relations to religions or religious figures. An example of this are extremist groups such as Al Qaeda who justify their attacks by believing that these are commands given to them by the Koran. Political terrorists carry out violent acts to make a point with government leaders. An example of this is the assassination of Abraham Lincoln on April 15, 1865. Moral beliefs is another aim of terrorism. Moral issues such as anti-abortions have led to attacks, including abortion clinics and their staff in the late 1980’s.

The repercussions of September 11, 2001 have been numerous and one thing that certainly cannot be repudiated is that 9/11 resulted in Americans needing a scapegoat. In his book, Scapegoats of September 11th, Michael Welch devotes the first chapter, “Hate Crimes & State Crimes in the War on Terror,” to a discussion of how the September 11th attacks have resulted in stereotyping and the discrimination against a few ethnicities and religions in the United States. In looking at the aftermath of the attacks, Welch also talks about how politicians responded to the attacks and the strategies that they used to advance their political ambitions.

The profile of a “middle eastern, Muslim young adult male” being dangerous has created an unsafe living standard in America. Following 9/11, a Sikh postal worker was shot in the neck not because he was guilty of terrorism, but because he was the victim of a hate crime (Lee).

On September 11, 2001, the terror attacks that struck upon the American people etched a wound so deep that will take years to repair. The whole world watched and mourned as 2,977 innocent lives were taken mercilessly away by the clutches of vile people. The group responsible for these attacks had malicious intent and animosity toward the people of the free world. They took their accumulated hatred and attacked the American people. The way the American people responded was not what the terrorist group had expected.Instead of cowering in fear from the attacks as presumed, the American people began to display more patriotism and exhibit a sense of unity. While 9/11 is a day we remember the innocent lives lost to terrorism and the new sense of togetherness it founded, it is also a day that birth the term Islamophobia and gave rise to mistaken-identity hate crimes.

Terrorism is defined as an act of violence that is committed by an organization or a single person in order to be heard. Terrorist acts are usually based on a couple factors such as, historical grievances, foreign policy decision, poverty, and religion. Terrorism is not a new act amongst the world but something that has been around since the beginning. To understand a criminal you must think like a criminal, and understand why they committed a crime or a violent act, then you can prevent and conquer.

September 11, 2001 was one of the most influential days in the history of the United States to date. Although the physical attacks only happened in New York City, Washington DC, and a field in Pennsylvania, not a sliver of our country has been left untouched. 16 years later, our country is still facing challenges that can be directly tied back to the effects of 9/11. It was not just an event that changed the United States, but also has completely changed how the entire world has come to interact and cooperate. As a consequence, the way that we view terrorism and certain ethnicities have been drastically altered as a means to justify the excruciating crisis that our country went through at the turn of the new millennium.

On August 26, 2008, 25-year-old Mohammed Taheri-azar was sentenced to 26-33 years in prison for an act of terrorism on UNC’s campus. He rented a Jeep and drove it through the most popular meeting place on campus, the “pit” (Carlson, 2008). Taheri-azar seriously injured nine people, but intended to kill many more. Some victims spoke out about their experiences. One victim, Larry Allsep, stated “When the jeep got close, I smelled the fumes and the gas.” He also said that he went up onto the hood and was thrown off. Allsep suffered many injuries from the attack, including a broken wrist and tail

Mahatma Gahndi once said, “An eye for an eye will only make the whole world blind.” Hatred blinds people from acknowledgment and acceptance, and instead steers people towards ignorance. Quarreling amongst citizens of the United States is not an uncommon occurrence, especially when the topic focuses on racial backgrounds and biases. The LA Riot of 1992 is no exception to this category of discourse. A black person beaten up by a group of policemen was a usual event that happened frequently. Rodney King’s arrest was a special case. In a drunken state, King led the police on a “high-speed chase through the streets of Los Angeles (“Riots Erupt in Los Angeles”).George Holliday, an ordinary passerby, recorded Rodney King’s assault by the police on March 3, 1991. This infamous event urges the nation to examine the

On September 11, 2001, an Islamic terrorist group, known as Al-Queda, hijacked four American airplanes and attempted to crash them into important United States landmarks, such as the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and the White House. Unfortunately, the hijackers succeeded at The Pentagon and World Trade Center. Nearly three thousand people lost their lives because of these attacks. Sixteen years later, people still remember it as one of the most tragic events in US history. On this day, the most massive terrorist attack to ever happen on American soil occurred, yet the after effects of 9/11 are even larger; because of 9/11, the United States has developed safer air travel and immigration policies, but unfortunately, innocent Islamic people suffered and are still suffering from hate crimes.

In New York a man named Amadou Diallo was taking a breath of fresh air outside his apartment at night, when cops showed up, they assumed that something suspicious was going on since, this was a poor neighborhood, he was of a different race, and it was late at night. Diallo ended up being shot and killed

On Friday at approximately 4:30 p.m., two Muslim women were sitting on a Metropolitan Area Express train in Portland, one of whom was wearing a hijab. A man, identified as Jeremy Joseph Christian, approached the women and began to harass them with what the Portland police described during a press conference as "hate speech." When two men attempted to diffuse the situation and calm Christian down, he stabbed

3) In the Sikh temple of Wisconsin in Oak Creek Wade Michael Page killed 6 people with gun shooting. The reason of page gun shooing was his mental illness due to family breakdown. His parents got separated when he was very young. His father remarried and his mother died when he was very young.

September 11th holds many hard and upset feelings around the world today. The harsh actions of Muslim extremists unfortunately completely changed the way Muslims are treated, especially in the United States. These events, exacerbated islamophobia. Unfortunately, “the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, connect Muslims and Islam to terrorism within the geographical borders of the United States.” (Byng) Although it has been over a decade since the attack, many still feel racist and discriminatory attitudes towards Muslims. Muslims are the targeted minority in the United States, “the 9/11 terrorist attacks shifted the social and political context for Muslims in the United States. Terrorism within the geographical borders of the United States carried out by Muslims places an identity at the center of national and global politics.” (Byng) The blame of the horrible terrorist attacks, rather than be placed on terrorists or religious extremist, has been placed on Islam in America. After September 11th, hate crimes towards Muslims skyrocketed, “the most dramatic change noted by the report was a more than 1,600 percent increase in reported hate crimes against Muslims -- a jump from 28 hate incidents in 2000 to 481 last year.”

The George W. Bush administration was riddled with many tragic events, from natural disasters to terrorist attacks, and economic hardships that made lasting impressions of the American peoples’ perceptions of our government and the world outside of the United States’ boundaries. The six people who conducted this research, George Shambaugh, Richard Matthew, Roxane C. Silver, Bryan McDonald, Michael Poulin, and Scott Blum, set out to discover how the before mentioned events effected the group unit of analysis, “U.S. Public”, views towards our government, the media, terrorism, and their overall outlook on America’s future. It had appeared that they had the predetermined notion that because of terrorist attacks and natural disasters the U.S. public would be pessimistic and afraid foreign countries. Other suggested hypothesis were that peoples’ independent identities affect their perception of national and personal threat, outlook for the future, trust in the government, and approval of policies passed in our nation’s difficult times in a way that creates a noticeable divide at these identities. Although, neither of these hypothesis seem to be true.

The first aspect, is that the Mosque vandalism and temple fire occurred four days after the 9/11 attack in the United States. The attack in the United States was an act of terrorism and many pinned the blame on the Muslim community for the many lives that were lost. Therefore, given the fact that Hamilton has the second highest rate of hate crimes against minority groups, it is likely that the fire and vandalism were a response to the 9/11 attack as both places that were targeted were sacred to minority groups. In addition, the perpetrators actions along with the places they targeted conveys the message of “you do not belong here”, as the literal burning of the temple eradicates its existence within society. The second aspect that plays a vital role in this case, is that two places of worship were targeted. The first being a Muslim Mosque and than a Hindu Temple. The fact that the perpetrators could have confused the temple to be a mosque illustrates that the three men were trying to target a specific group. Additionally, it is important to note that the men had to drive from the mosque to the temple, thus indicating that they had a certain motive in mind. Furthermore, the fact that the men targeted two religious institutions illustrates that they were trying to hurt minority groups where they are the most vulnerable the most, a place that is sacred to them. The third aspect that is vital to this case is that the perpetrators left beer bottles behind. It is because of these beer bottles that helped the police capture the correct culprits. If the DNA on the beer bottles were not present these three men would have never been captured. The fourth aspect of this case that I believe is important, is that the Hindu community forgave the three men. The fact that the Hindu community could forgive the men that destroyed their place of worship illustrates the