Terrorism And Its Effects On The World

Modern terrorism, as deduced from this literature, is acts to violence strategically used by secular groups spanning international borders with the aim of achieving a desired outcome. Further, it can be seen as organized activity whose genesis can be traced back to the 1880’s. From then to now there are identifiable traits and patterns observed from different (terrorist) groups which have allowed for the conceptualization of the term modern terrorism. This concept therefore, can be best explained in the context of being a wave or having a life cycle. That means it is a cycle of activity demarked by phases from inception and expands along the way then eventually it declines. The world, thus far, has experienced four waves of modern

Terrorism is an act of violence, usually done in the public sphere, which is used to incite fear in a population in order to coerce change in public opinion or a government’s position on an issue. In many parts of the world, groups wage war with their countries, either to separate from the government or to overthrow it entirely. Sometimes these people are treated unfairly by their government, and their struggles are justified. Other times, these groups use violence against both military and civilian targets, terrorizing innocent bystanders to get what they want—these groups are terrorists. Often, though, it is difficult to tell the difference.

Terrorism is a frightening reality that all people in today’s world must face. While some areas of the world are facing terrorism more than others nearly are regions and all people are facing the violence and devastating effects of terrorism in one form or another.

Acts of terrorism are typically political oriented and ideologically motivated, ranging from specific goals expressed in terms of the might of political nation-states to more general purposes connected to the dilemma of certain people and groups. Therefore, terrorism can result from demands made by ethnic groups to receive representation in an existing political community or have its own state be formed, while terrorism can also be part of ideological fights for the acknowledgment of diminished expressions of ideas and ways of life. Because of the essentially political ideological objectives of terrorism, the fundamental ideas of terrorism are important to consider as the inspiring forces that fuel terrorist groups and individuals.

This paper will talk about three different types of terrorism. A background of each type will be provided to understand the motivations and goals. The first type that will be discussed is religious terrorism. The second type that will be discussed is suicide terrorism. The third and last type that will be discussed is nationalist terrorism. Each type of terrorism has distinct differences in their goals, motivations, strategy, use of violence, etc. However, the main focus of this paper will be on the difference between each type’s tactics and/or strategy.

Preventing Terrorism in the United States is a hard thing to overcome, but the government is trying their best to control and prevent terrorist attacks from happening. “The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, were a turning point in American history and demonstrated that the government must have the authority necessary to defend against future attacks, including the right to use the best technology to intercept potentially conspiratorial communications (Jacobs and Newton 1). Having advanced technologies in the United States can prevent Terrorism from happening.

Terrorism has continuously played a brutal role in frightening societies across the world. There are many nations that have faced horrible issues and continue to try to find a solution but to no avail, because terrorism still exists around the world. There are many questions that have still gone unanswered and many governments are finding some relief “with considerable assistance from anti-terrorism organizations (Fischer, 2002).”

It was what citizens call a beautiful, normal, late September day in downtown Manhattan; Sun shining bright, leaves beginning to turn, and people commuting to their everyday jobs. Little did anyone know, America would forever be changed on this day. It’s now remembered forever by the title of 9/11. Terrorism has been involved in the U.S. for many years. This is one, sad example of the act. There are many parts to the dreadful, sad story, including terrorism in general, the planning behind the event, who was involved, the day of, and the aftermath.

Terrorism is a word that can be defined in many different ways. Differences in the definition depend upon the entity defining the term, and many times the definition varies based upon who is victorious in a given conflict. Compare the simplistic definition of Walter Laqueur (1987, 1999), who defines terrorism as the illegitimate use of force to achieve a political objective by targeting innocent people, with the definition found in Title 22 of the United States Code, Section 2656f (d), which describes terrorism as “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.” Likewise, Alex Schmid offers a complex definition that conglomerates 13 elements common to most definitions of terrorism.

While there is a degree of agreement among political scientists on the alteration in the meaning and usage of the term terrorism over time, no widely accepted definition of the word exists today. It remains difficult to formulate a definition of the word under customary international law and legislative attempts to address the issue almost always fail. Consequently, its definition and interpretation shifts according to the interests and priorities of sovereign national governments. However, the understanding of the word terrorism is yet necessary to comprehend the phenomenon.

It is hard to outline what terrorism is because the definition of the phrase has been changing over the past two centuries and is still changing. It has been seen to change from a positive implication over the French Revolution which is closely associated with the ideals of virtue and democracy, through the revolution and lastly to a religiously inspired act as it is professed these days. We have to inquire if “old” and “new” terrorism actually exist or does the state we are facing remind us of an old wine in a new bottle? The paper is to discuss majorly what terrorism is today or currently and how it differs from terrorism that was. The significant and most crucial issues to be discussed in this paper will integrate how it should be outlined and understood as a

The early history of the term and practice “terrorism” started in the first century with a group of Jewish collaborators who, assassinated a Roman rule in the one of the province area. During the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror, Jocobin Club who ruled the state applied violence and mass execution to compel submission to the state and intimidate regime enemies, this where the term “terrorism” was first used by the English to describe the events. The practice and term of terrorism have changed over the years like 1994 the UN General Assembly, describe term terrorism as “criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in general public”. And the Department of Homeland Security’s definition of terrorism is “any activity

In the beginning of Inside Terrorism, by Bruce Hoffman, he hopes to express how the term “terrorism” has evolved over the past two centuries and what it means today. He does not reveal a promised definitional certainty, but after a historical survey he conducted, he concludes that terrorism is “the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence or the threat of violence in pursuit of political change” (43). Who gets to determine the definition of terrorism though? While this book gives us his definition, we can see a first-hand account of the clash of adversaries, much like the violent clash between the Israelis and the Palestinians, which Hoffman’s theories do little to clarify.

Over the years there have been significant changes in how terrorism is carried out. With the changes in how terrorism is carried out there have also been dramatic changes in how countries counter terrorist attacks. The modifications in the way a country counters these terrorist attacks affects international relations of these countries. These issues bring about the question of how have counter terrorism methods affected international relations. To answer this question several things must be addressed which are, methodology, history of terrorism, and a literature review of multiple authors that have discussed this subject.

A) There are several issues raised in this question. There is a debate as to whether humans are a cooperating species or a selfish species. Humans cooperate instinctively for survival because this is beneficial to them. It can be argued that human beings cooperate for a reason because cooperation has many benefits; it aids survival. Cooperation evolved as a result of the benefits attached to it, this could be motivated entirely by the self-interest of the individual. According to Richard Dawkins “our genes may instruct us to be selfish, but we are not necessarily compelled to obey them all our lives” , if we choose to live in a society that is safe, we have no choice but to cooperate, as cooperation over time has allowed humans to survive. Unfortunately, life is full of competition; this gives rise to competition between groups which promotes cooperation within groups. Cooperation within groups can give rise to destructive ventures, and can lead to decision and risks that are not properly reasoned through hence threatening human survival, this is one disadvantage of cooperation. According to Robert Axelrod, this is the security dilemma in which “nations often seek their own security through means which challenges the security of others, this problem arises in such areas as escalation of local conflict and armed races”