Terrorism And The Intolerance Of Terrorism In Australia

“The media’s the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that’s power. Because they control the minds of the masses,” were the words of Malcolm X during his famed 1963 speech. Many believe this quote has lost relevance in our contemporary society. However, on the contrary, it rings more true than ever. One popular topic that has had an extreme influence on our society due to the way the media portrays it is terrorism. Whether it is a tragic event such as 9/11 or simply the way it portrays Muslims, the media tends to sensationalize the fear and tragedy of such events to increase publicity while also depicting all terrorists as Muslim

Countries around the world have developed their own legislations to fight terrorists. Fighting terrorists depends on two things, the laws amended in the country. Australia has always been a main factor in fighting terrorism internationally, after witnessing a number of modern terrorism act (Healey, 2011). Australia has also put some laws to prevent terrorists from terrorizing Australia (Healey, 2011). Although Australia have put laws to fight terrorism but it depends on the severity of the response to the assaults. Australia follows the UK’s system of respondents against terrorists, which includes five levels: low, moderate, substantial, severe and critical (Bergin, 2014).

The rise of radical Islam and it’s creation of it’s many terrorist groups is one of the largest political problems of the 21st century. The solution to this issue does not lie in blindly asserting military force within the Middle East, but rather targeting the root of the hate itself. Though, this does not disqualify military intervention. The target of this paper is to dissect the issues that create tension, with regards to the spectrum of modern terrorism, and to propose a solution to the conflict that rages on everyday. I believe that this is best accomplished through analyzing historical events and ideas that created our current situation. I will look into a few crucial events that I believe lead radical groups to harbor hatred towards

While this assertion certainly identifies the fallibilities of this approach, she is too quick to dismiss the value of this research in identifying important cultural and historical elements that undoubtedly contribute to our understanding of why terrorism thrives in some societies and not in others. In spite of this objection I would agree with Crenshaw that terrorism can be studied through a comparative approach, and in doing so one is able to provide a broader lens through which to identify patterns and make comparisons. Another issue identified by Crenshaw in the introduction is the lack of empirical studies on the subject of terrorism(Crenshaw 1981). She argues over the course of a few sentences simply that much of the empirical work that has been done has focused instead on concepts such as “violence”, instead of terrorism itself (Crenshaw 1981). While this argument may have indeed been true at the time of the article the insights derived from these studies cannot wholly be dismissed, and in the years following this article I would venture to say many empirical studies of terrorism have been undertaken. This article is significant however in the fact that Crenshaw is so able to clearly

Across the globe, Muslims have faced individual and systemic acts of discrimination and violence after the “9/11” attacks, as a form of retaliation for the collective guilt ascribed to followers of Islam and anyone who resembled them. The types of incidents reported ranged from verbal abuse to physical threat, violence and the destruction of property (Zine, 2003). In this essay the issue of Islamophobia and Human Rights will be discussed, along with a literature review that will be conducted. It is not only the safety of Muslims (and those mistaken as Muslims) that was being compromised by the topic, but also their ability to access basic needs such as education, employment, housing and social service support, without the risk of being discriminated against their Human Rights. Since 9/11, representations of Muslims in the media have permeated as images of fanatical, bearded, cloaked terrorists and act as primary markers of the Muslim world to those who generalize and who are more ignorant than educated in regard to the cultural and religious aspects that surround Islam.

While international terrorism started before 9/11, terrorism association with Islam was often limited to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict or other factor that did not associate with Islam globally. “On the domestic front, homegrown terrorism evoked images of white males

This section aims to establish whether Islam encourages conflict and terrorism as well as establish why Islam is under the limelight and seen as a violent religion. This section of my project will be employing statistical and thematic analysis strategies so a better understanding can be made to the empirical data gathered. Within exploring my research, diverse themes stood out. A range of 30 News articles were coded identifying negative depiction. (See Figure 1:5) Islamophobia attacks have risen tremendously, nevertheless there has been very petite outcry from the public. Public figures including Prime minister and MP’s have not done a lot to bring religions together. These incidents, have become a norm in today’s society, with an

Terrorism is the vast term used for the intentional and pre-planned act of violence to create chaos in the society entailing the political or religious agendas. The term "Terrorism" has gone controversial in the 21st century and has been shifted from its objective nature to subjective one. It is an extreme act of violence and terrors that threat the community and makes the lives of people vulnerable (Combs 2015). This essay will through light over the subjectivity of terrorism and how it has been made controversial issue while facilitating the biased global politics.

Due to the elusive and unpredictable nature of terrorism, there is a global debate on how to respond to it (Musial, 2017). This is reflected in attempts to define the concept, as mentioned previously (Lavina, 2015). Problems with terrorism do not stop at definitions, it is an incredibly hard phenomenon to police (Lavina, 2015; Justice, 2017). Terrorism attacks are becoming increasingly violent and the loss of life is mounting up (Bakker & de Leede, 2015). Islamic terrorism has been a constant feature in the media and policy debates (Kirk, 2017; Roy, 2015). There is no official profile for a terrorist which makes it even more difficult (Bloom, 2011; Roy, 2007). Research has identified factors of vulnerability which makes individuals more susceptible for radicalisation; these can include age, social selection, social networks, value systems or education (Bouhana & Wilkstrom, 2011).

Terrorism is a form of psychological warfare. Terrorism disrupts the sense of security, leaving citizens everyday lives discombobulated when the act of terror is replaced with their peaceful lives. With their goals ranging from —nationalist struggle, ethnic strife, religious strife, separatist struggle, political-governance dispute, economic dispute, and anti colonial revolt.(Volume 9, 2004 - Issue 1-2 Boaz) “Any consideration of whether and how social policy affects terrorism, therefore, must reckon with this enormous diversity of terrorism as a political phenomenon ( BURGOON December 16, 2008 pg3 ).” Social policy unravels complicated effects that are the equivalent to complicated phenomenon of terrorism ( BURGOON December 16, 2008 pg4). Terrorist want to be televised to show the world there way of thinking to gain more people who think the same way, and are.

It is no doubt that terrorism is on the rise again and that the results have been more and more devastating. With a dramatic increase in casualties due to terrorism spiking in 2014, it is inevitable that there will be media coverage. With an increase of media and globalisation, acculturation has become more prevalent in our society. These impacts are sometimes received poorly in western countries through news media; “the news has such a control over what we think and what they feed us that we almost have to see it their way due to what they report”1, indicating that the media has an influence in what we are conditioned to think. After big terrorist attacks like ‘the 1993 world trade centre bombing, the 9/11 bombings, 2009 killings at Fort Hood Army base, and the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing’, secondary sources report a 17% increase in the responses saying that Islam promoted and encourages violence. This supports ideas that terrorist attacks increase the fear of the religion through the religions portrayal in the media. In a focus group conducted with a group of Millennials, they agreed with the influence of the media; “At first, [when you see the niqarb] you go, ‘oh god’ because that’s what is what we’re used to and those things are told to be bad in the media”1. This expresses how the media tells us what to think because it’s seen as reliable. Media coverage has played a part in their views and how they perceive Muslims in traditional dress, “The media has a strong grip…

We are all aware of the power that media holds to influence people as well as keep people connected to the world outside their rage. This has become the easiest and convenient way to keep public informed and up to date with what is happening in their country as well as outside their country. Although, many powerful people who use media for their public welfare also dominate media. As well as, businesses have adopted techniques for manipulating the public through the propaganda of control over the media. Therefore, with all the sources media has to inform and persuade people, it has become more about making a profit. It has become more and more privatized in many countries, giving more control to the government to get their message across the mass public. “Since September 11, the increase in international tensions and the subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have created turmoil and fears in immigrant communities, fanned by the media in the context of the war against terrorism”(Rousseau & Jamil, 2008). In this paper I will be talking about the negative effects media has on Americans after the September 11, As well as look at the fear it created among Americans and hate rate towards Islam and Muslims. Also, this led to hate crimes against other non-Muslim minority groups. Furthermore, this discourse has led many young children’s to become Islamophobic and racial towards Muslims.

News has played a significant role in bringing a fear of Islam to the Western world. A worthwhile example of this is the portrayal of Islam after 9/11. The first major wave of hate against Islam in North America hit on September 11th, 2001. Coincidentally I was born on June 17th, 2001, only 3 months before 9/11 happened. My guardians were forced to take care of a newborn child and 6 children in the face of a nation that hated for them. Somehow, even though we had no direct relation to radical Islamic extremists, we took the blame for 9/11 because of the media's broadcasting. My father recalled when my eldest brother got into a fight at school five days after 9/11. My brother came home bloodied and bruised with his right eye turning purple. When my father questioned my brother about how this happened, he justified his actions when he explained that another child called him a terrorist. My father's attitude went from Shocked and angry, to calm and monotone, and he said:

Media is used to influence extremism through three main points. The first, is by “painting” a violent image of Islam. This violent image is “painted” through stereotyping and misrepresenting Muslims and Islam in the media. Research has shown that, “media depict Islam as "fundamentalism", "extremism" and "radicalism"... in the modern world where the role of media is central, the image of reality can be manipulated to misrepresent the actual facts. The media have tried to represent Muslims as "terrorists" posing a threat to the western security.” (MEŠIĆ 5) The stereotyping and misrepresentation leads to Islamophobia (the fear of Islam) and can go back to the politics point of injustice against Muslims; wherein extremists feel as though they’ve been unfairly treated and must act out harshly and violently. The violence that occurs as a result also is fueled by further feelings of threat enhanced through the media; again another example of a factor having absolutely no relation to

Moreover, the 9/11 terrorist attacks significantly changed public views towards Muslims. From then, terrorist acts likewise the attacks by violent jihadists in London and Madrid, the killed Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh, and the massacre at the Charlie Hebdo offices in Paris have created fright and stress. The make