Testicular Cancer Papers

The phase of cancer at the point of diagnosis varies for different cancers. Therefore, staging is performed by means of various methods such as MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging), CT (Computed tomography), X-rays, blood tests and special surgery. The three main reasons why staging of cancer is performed are: it determines the depth of the disease, helps determine the treatment by the phase of the cancer and helps determine the patient's projection of treatment and survival.

Staging is the process of finding out how much cancer there is in the body and where it is located. It is how the doctor learns the stage of a person's cancer. Doctors use this information to plan treatment and to help predict a person's outlook (prognosis). Cancers with the same stage tend to have similar outlooks and are often treated the same way. The cancer stage is also a way for doctors to describe the extent of the cancer when they talk with each other about a person’s case.

As mentioned before, an increase of estrogen in men can help nurture this type of cancer. As breast cells grow and divide quicker in response to the hormone. Genetics also play a small role, as in if a child inherits a corrupted gene from one of his parents. Although, the real cause has yet to be pinpointed by scientists.

In order to determine which stage of cancer you have there are a few different tests given. A CT scan and an MRI let the doctors see your internal organs, including your pancreas. An endoscopic ultrasound uses an ultrasound device take pictures of your pancreas from inside your abdomen. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography also known as an ERCP uses a dye to highlight the bile ducts of your pancreas. An XRAY is taken of the ducts and cell samples are collected, otherwise known as a biopsy.

For males the following diseases that can be prevented include genital warts, and the following cancers anal, throat, mouth, and penile (CDC, 2016). Cervical cancer from HPV are caused by HPV types 16 and 18 by 70%, anal cancer is caused by HPV type 16 by 95%, and throat and mouth cancer is caused by type 16 by 70% (NIH National Cancer Institute, 2016). Type 16 also causes cancer in the following areas vagina by 65%, vulva by 50%, and penile by 35% (NIH National Cancer Institute,

With all kinds of cancer, there are seven major warning signs. These seven signs found in one person would indicate that the person may be suffering from some type of cancer, and this person should see a doctor immediately. The seven warning signs are a significant change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, thickening or lumps in breast, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious changes in wart or mole, and a nagging cough or hoarseness.

Risk factors such as, family history. For example about 10% of men at a young age have had testicular cancer because they were born with an undescended testicle. Also, men with specific genetics such as the Klinefelter syndrome, Down syndrome or family that has had the disease before, could have a high risk of the cancer to develop. Not only can family history increase the risk of the disease, but also men with sexual transmitted diseases such as HIV can possibly get testicular cancer. There are usually no early symptoms of the cancer, but at least 25% do experience them. Some early symptoms include a mass or lump that is felt in the testes, it is usually painless. Even if the lump or mass is small or large, and soft or hard it is not always cancer, the mass or lump could indicate anything else. Depending on how much the cancer has spread, there are different symptoms for each. For example, if the cancer has spread beyond the testicle such as the lymph nodes in the abdomen or the lungs and brain symptoms such

This type of cancer happens in a man's male reproductive gland which is a small walnut-shaped gland that produces the very important fluid that gives food to keep alive and vehicles sperm. Male reproductive gland cancer grows slowly and during the first stages it remains within the male reproductive gland and not be serious or cause any harm. However, while at times male reproductive gland cancer may grow slowly and may only need very little treatment or not treatment at all, there are some type's male reproductive gland cancers that are aggressive and spread quickly. This way identifying a disease or its cause the cancer early while is kept to the male reproductive gland, has a better change of effective treatment. Although there may be no signs and signs of sickness during the early stages of male reproductive gland cancer, when the male reproductive gland cancer is more advance it may cause some signs of sickness including but not limited to; trouble urinating, decreased force in stream of urine, blood in the urine, blood in the semen, swelling of the legs and discomfort in the hip-related area. As of today, it is not certain exactly what causes male reproductive gland cancer among men. It is know that male reproductive gland cancer begins when the cells of the male reproductive gland become different from what's usually expected and change in the DNA of these

In stage one, cancerous cells are only found in one specific place. This could be "one or more lymph nodes in one lymph node group, Waldeyer's ring, thymus, or spleen" (National Cancer Institute, 2015). Stage one can be further broken down into stage IE, in which cancer is found outside of the lymph system. In stage two, cancerous cells are found in two or more groups of lymph nodes. Similar to stage one, stage two can also be further broken down into stage IIE. In this stage, the cancer is located in one or more lymph node groups and also outside of this group in another organ or surrounding area. Both stage one and two can be located either above or below the diaphragm. In stage three, which is more progressed, the cancer has spread to areas both below and above the diaphragm. This stage is also broken down into sub categories which are: stage III, stage IIIE, stage IIIs, and stage IIIE,S. Each of these are similar to stage three, but also include a specific organ such as the spleen or other nearby organs. Stage four is the last and most critical stage of Hodgkin's Disease. This stage includes all of the qualifications of the previous stages, in addition to being found in the lungs, liver, bone marrow, or even the cerebrospinal

Every human body is slightly different in their own way and because of this reason there are people who do not experience symptoms of prostate cancer [3]. Unfortunately Prostate cancer is a disease that does not give any warning signs when it is growing. In most cases a male with prostate cancer does not receive any specific symptoms of concerns; reason is that prostate cancer

Stage 1 your doctor will Instinctively do surgery to remove the cancer and radiation. Stag 2 would be the same treatment, but radiation before to shrink the tumor, at that point they would remove the cancer. Stage 3 they would remove the kidney, blood vessels and surrounding lymph nodes and proceed with radiation. Stage 4 would be surprisingly radical, before removal of the tumor they need to shrink it by using targeted radiation, biologic therapy, and last would be to relieve the symptoms and improve quality of life. After each stage there are clinical trials for new

Kidney cancers stages are utilized to better diagnose the severity and progression of the disease. Stages increase the further the cancer spreads through the body, also known as metastasis. In stages I and II the tumor has not spread from the kidneys, with stage II being a tumor 7 cm across or more. In stage III the tumor has started to spread to

Cancer is a genetic illness that a individual can obtain when healthy body cells being to grow out of control. This usually occurs depending on someone’s gene pool. This illness typically begins since the very beginning of someones lifetime. More specifically, it begins in the egg or sperm cell that forms a person. Despite this, cancer rarely gets detected before a certain age. This is because usually no symptoms are present, or not developed enough to get noticed. Of course each different type of cancer begins differently in every body. For instance, ovarian cancer begins in a women's ovaries. A women’s ovaries are female reproductive glands that produce eggs for reproduction. The eggs created travel through the fallopian

One of the most preventable cancers is lung cancer, which is the most prevalent cancer in young women, beating out breast cancer. 40% of all cancers are thought to be caused by some type of cigarette usage. Unlike breast cancer in women, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in general for men. The most deadly common cancers are lung, colorectal, and breast, with skin cancer being the most common overall because of our constant exposure to ultraviolet light. Prostate cancer fatality rates are still very high in males although breast cancer mortality rates are low in comparison. The breast cancer research may be much better because of how much media attention they receive. There are even specific cancer genes, called oncogenes, which can increase a person’s risk for cancer, an example being BRCA1 and 2, which cause breast cancer. These oncogenes can be activated by viruses, carcinogens, or other DNA editing substances. Only about 5% of all cancers are caused by viruses though. An example of one of these viruses is HPV.

Cancer is the name given to diseases in which the body's cells become abnormal cells divide without control in this division and these are cancer cells by attacking nearby or adjacent tissue or it may spread through the blood vessels or lymph to other parts of the body. Prostate cancer is a type of cancer which is formed and evolved into the prostate gland (Bono, Johann, et al., 2010). This is similar to the prostate gland, in the form, walnut, which is responsible for seminal fluid, which nourishes and transmits sperm cell production (Varambally, Divaid et al., 2002). Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers that appear in males. Getting a result of the diagnosis that confirms infection of the prostate gland cancer may constitute