Introduction
The purpose of this experiment is to test and measure the time taken for blood glucose levels to rise after an increase in amount of glucose in the blood, and then the time taken for blood glucose levels to then return to within a normal range. This will be done by using lucozade to elevate blood glucose levels. It is then expected that the blood glucose levels should then return to within the normal range, which in a healthy person should be around 5mmol/L. The rate at which the blood glucose levels return to the normal range depend on the cells ability to absorb the glucose from the blood, which depends on the synthesis and use of insulin. The same test will be carried out with water instead of lucozade in order to obtain
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This was then repeated every 30 minutes for a 150 minutes.
Results
The results are shown in the tables below. They show the results of four different drinks on the changes to blood glucose levels, measured in 30 minute intervals for a 150 minutes.
These results show that lucozade, the drink congaing the most sugar, caused the blood glucose levels to be the highest with the highest average of 8mmol/L. Coca cola caused the blood glucose levels to rise to an average of 6.5mmol/L as the highest value. The water and the Diet Coke didn’t cause much of a change in the blood glucose levels.
The graph shows an increase in blood glucose levels in all four drinks. The blood glucose levels with the lucozade take the longest to return to within a normal range. The blood glucose levels with the Coca Cola keep increasing for the longest amount of time. The blood glucose levels with the water and Diet Coke oscillate up and down within the normal range. All blood glucose levels return to within the normal range after the 150 minutes.
These results show that the higher the glucose impulse, the longer it takes for the blood glucose to return to within the normal range. But also even when the blood glucose levels have returned to within a normal range the levels still fluctuate.
The standard deviation values obtained are low. This shows that there is a low variance between the results obtained, showing a similar trend with each drink at different
The insulin changed the plasma glucose levels by raising dramatically from fasting to the one hour mark, but by hour 3 it droped again to almost the same levels as fasting. The glucagon remained almost the same on throughout the levels except that it lowered a bit 1 hour after the meal.
Insulin changed the plasma glucose because after a meal the amount of insulin secreted into the blood will increase and that caused the plasma
7. What is the normal physiological response to increased intake of sugars? To increased intake of caffeine?
The purpose of the experiment was to help us better understand how water, Coke and Gatorade effected the renal system. The goal was to test and see if my hypothesis were correct regarding the urine specific gravity, urine flow rate, and presents of reagents using the Labstix. My hypothesis for this experiment was that the Gatorade drinkers will have the highest urine flow rate and that non-drinkers would have the highest urine specific gravity. Water is hypo-osmotic and coke contains a high amount of sugar making it hyperosmotic relative to plasma. Gatorade consists of large amounts of electrolytes making it iso-osmatic relative to the plasma. Based on these characteristics of the consumed substances, we are able to study the hormonal effects on the average UFR and USG.
The relationship between sugar and diabetes is quite complex. The quantity of sugar delivered into the blood stream matter more than the source. Nevertheless, many refined food items such as beverages contain free sugar which leads to a rapid rise in blood sugar levels. Many argue that sugar intake cannot directly result in diabetes. However, everyone agrees that weight gain (which may be caused by excessive sugar intake) has a direct relationship with diabetes. This was reported by a review of several studies showing a link between sugar-sweetened drinks and
Graph 2 represents that patient A has a much lower initial glucose concentration than patient B. The glucose concentration of patient A reached its maximum in the first 30 minutes, this is due to the quick release of insulin from the body. Whereas, patient B had a slower reaction to releasing insulin which allowed for longer time to be taken for glucose concentration to reach its maximum. The sudden decrease of the glucose concentration in patient A displays the conversion of glucose molecules being stored as energy. In comparison, the gradual change of the slope show that as patient B releases small amount of insulin, it takes more time for glucose molecules to be converted as energy. It can be concluded that patient B has diabetes as the
Three peaks are observed in Figure 1 (concentration of glucose vs. elution volume) which was expected due to the results in table 4 that show intervals of elution. The intervals of the elution are represented as peaks on the graph. The intervals are due to the glucose molecules that enter the beads of the column causing the glucose molecules to elute slowly. Two peaks are observed in Figure 2 (concentration of starch vs. elution volume), which was not expected. One peak was expected for the
Plasma insulin/glucagon concentration differed significantly. Insulin levels were at their highest during 1 hour post meal time exceeding 180
Your blood glucose level is tested 2 hours after you start eating a meal. This test is done to see how well your body responds to glucose and starch (carbohydrates) after you eat a meal.
The spike in blood glucose levels after ingestion of simple sugars is thought to be related to some of the heart and vascular diseases which have become more frequent in recent times. Simple sugars form a greater part of modern diets than formerly, perhaps leading to more cardiovascular disease. The degree of causation is still not clear, however.
Blood samples were obtained after a 12 hour fast for assessment of various phenotypes including glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, participants ≥ 12 years of age (n=641) underwent a 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT) where a solution containing 1.75g/kg dextrose (up to 75 g) was ingested and venous blood
x. When diabetes is well controlled, blood glucose levels are not affected by moderate alcohol use
In this report I will explain the Homeostasis of Glucose in humans. Glucose is the sugar in a human’s blood, hence it is most commonly referred to as ‘blood sugar‘. Humans need to maintain stable blood glucose levels to stay healthy, as if blood sugar levels rise too high, it can cause serious and possibly life threatening illness. Abnormal blood sugar levels can lead to serious short term problems like hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or diabetic ketoacidosis. The purpose of blood glucose homeostasis is to maintain an effective and safe level of blood glucose in the body, despite any internal or external factors that may change - Blood glucose in the body is the main energy source, and is used by most cells in the body, this energy powers many
In a person without diabetes, the body keeps the plasma glucose level between meals in the range of 70-99 milligrams per deciliter. It will rise depending on how big your meal is, however, quickly returns to normal. In a person with diabetes, the blood glucose level rises abnormally high after eating, takes much longer to come down, and doesn’t return to normal range. Even during periods of fasting. Therefore. To determine if you have diabetes, a doctor must test your blood glucose levels
The graph showed the relationship between the rate of reduction and the different glucose concentration.Based on the graph we can conclude that the relationship between the two things is the positive correlation as when the glucose concentration increased,the rate of reduction also increase.