Testing of Hardened Concrete

Most people think concrete is an impenetrable solid. But in actually, concrete is a porous material with many capillaries and voids throughout the surface. Although concrete is strong in compressive strength, it is weak in tensile stength and elasticity. Concrete can tolerate heavy loads, but it is susceptible to damage which causes it to break apart over time.

The results of these experiments will depend on many mechanical properties of the material and it is often very common, in order to simplify the mathematical relationships between stresses and strains and improve the interpretation of the responses, to make several assumptions about the material characteristics:

Aggregate is one of the basic constituents of concrete. Its quality is of considerable importance because about three-quarter of the volume of concrete is occupied by aggregates. One of the physical properties of aggregate that influence the property of concrete is the grading of aggregate. The grading of aggregate defines the proportions of particles of different size in the aggregate. The grading of fine (size < 5 mm) and coarse (size > 5 mm) aggregates are generally required to be within the limits specified in BS 882: 1992.

The definition of high strength changes over the years as concrete strength used in the field increases. Any construction activity requires several materials such as concrete, steel, brick, stone, glass, clay, mud, wood, and so on. However, the cement concrete remains the main construction material used in construction industries. For its suitability and adaptability with respect to the changing environment, the concrete must be such that it can conserve resources, protect the environment, economize and lead to proper utilization of energy. To achieve this, major emphasis must be laid on the use of wastes and byproducts in cement and concrete used for new constructions. The utilization of recycled aggregate

Concrete is a important product that is used in the construction of building and infrastructures. A concrete has to have strength, durability and quality to make a strong and stable infrastructure. This study will tell us does ACC concrete mix is a very good product in the market. Does it pose a strong contender to its competitors in the current market and does the brand image of ACC ltd. plays any role in purchasing of its products.

On comparing to a reinforced concrete component, an element made of high strength concrete will have minor deflection, slighter camber change, lower pre-stress loss and longer life relatively. Additionally, it gives heightened shear capacity of columns and stronger beam-column joints. The other characteristics of high strength concrete are higher compressive strength, better tensile strength and improved

The experimental program was included testing of lightweight concrete specimens under concentric axial load in both tension and compression, to obtain the actual stress-strain properties of the produced FBLWC. The concrete mix using foam balls previously designed at Ain Shams University were used. Different specimens' shapes like prisms, cylinders and cubes were tested to obtain the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, young modulus, tensile strength and flexural strength.

To gain perspective on the behavior of lightweight concrete, available literature from the previous research work is reviewed and a review of the codes' and standards' requirements for this kind of concrete. This literature review provides an overview of previous work done on lightweight concrete. This chapter describes the nature of foamed balls concrete, its composition and properties and how it is used in civil engineering works. Because the properties of foamed concrete can vary widely, and it can be used in a wide variety of applications, it is important to define performance requirements for each case.

is result and discussion and it shows the compressive strength of bricks at 7 days and 28 days, and comparison between strengths. Its shows table and graph of strengths. it also deliberate the results of test performed on soil in the starting of

INTRODUCTION When cement is mixed with water in order to prepare concrete, the hardened concrete formed after hydration is not a solid mass but a porous material. There is formation of pores due to water which is initially added. Water occupies some fraction of the total initial volume and after the hydration of cement water is held physically, chemically or is adsorbed on product after hydration. This leads to formation of different types of pore structure inside the hydrated cement. CLASSIFICATION OF PORES STRUCTURES IN HYDRATED CEMENT 1.

The compression test shows the compressive strength of hardened concrete. The compression test shows the best possible strength concrete can reach in perfect conditions. The compression test measures concrete strength in the hardened state. Testing should always be done carefully. Wrong test results can be costly.

Abstract. Considerable network of transportation infrastructures such as highways, rails, and so forth are key providers to economic growth and productivity of countries. Consecutively, Reinforced Concrete (RC) is the predominant construction materials in constructing many of these infrastructures. RC is a unique construction material which allows flexible design layouts and offers safe bending and torsion to satisfy design requirements. However, being exposed to harsh environment and contamination such as salts, acid rain, distilled water, carbonation, sulphur and so on are the reasons for deterioration, thus significantly impacting the performance of these structures. Furthermore, the deterioration of these structures is not only a

The test specimens were divided into three series (R1.5, R2.0 and R2.5) on the basis of cross-sectional aspect ratio, and complete details of the test columns are summarized in the table 1 and Fig. 1. The specimen identification convention, which are utilized in Table 1, is in accordance with the first letter R defining the rectangular column. In addition, the following numbers 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 refer to different sets of cross-sectional aspect ratios. The following letter and number refer to the volumetric ratio of hoop (H) reinforcement with 0 denoting plain concrete, 1, and 2 denoting transverse reinforcement of 0.3 and 0.6% volumetric ratio, respectively. The third last symbol L and number following it refer to the number of layers of CFRP wrap. The final symbol in the specimen identification of M or C refers to monotonic uniaxial loading and complete unloading/reloading of cyclic axial loading patterns. In this paper, complete unloading/reloading refers to unloading from the envelope curve to zero stress followed by reloading to the envelope curve. For further clarification, R2.5H2CL4, for example, had aspect ratio 2.5 and hoop steel reinforcement ratio 0.6% .As well, before it was tested under cyclic axial compression loading, this specimen was externally confined with four layers of CFRP material.

Nipun Verma et.al 2014, presented the Self-compacting concrete is gaining attention worldwide owing to its ability to compact without the need for either internal or external vibration even in areas of highly congested reinforcement such as beam-column joints. Since last two decades, several researches have been conducted on Self-compacting concrete and now application of SCC has gained momentum. In the present study, bond stress corresponding to the maximum pull-out load that can be regarded as the bond strength or ultimate bond strength was conducted. The slow development of compressive strength and bond strength in SCC at early age is generally due to

Concrete is known as a construction material which is widely used throughout the entire world. According to the research, concrete contains Portland cement and it is an essential element to concrete (Naik and Moriconi, 2010). This essential element is capable of releasing carbon dioxide significantly. As carbon dioxide is known to be a green house gas, hence it can be said that this type of concrete is damaging the environment. In order to save the environment a new technology is made by which eco – friendly concrete can be made. Such concretes are made of the concrete wastes that are known to be eco – friendly; therefore, the concrete is also eco – friendly. This type of concrete is also known as green