Essay on Testing the Theory of Multitasking

We go throughout our busy lives, multitasking with many objects that come across us. We tend to text and drive, eat and watch television, and even walk and chew gum at the same time. We need to get a better understanding of our brain and how it is able to do many things at once. John Ridley Stroop, an American psychologist researched in the area of cognition and interference. The area of psychology that the Stroop Effect is grouped in is cognition. Cognitive psychology includes the study of memory and thinking, conscious processes, problem solving, creativity. This is what makes humans brain activity differ. In the field of cognition, many experiments

The Stroop experiment by J. Ridley Stroop in 1935 was performed in order to analyze the reaction time of participant’s stimuli and desired results while also obtaining a collective result of color interference and word reading(Stroop, 1935; Lee & Chan, 2000). In the experiment three forms of the test were given, the first consisting of color patches, the second had the color words printed in black and the other was an incongruent test beaming the color did not match the color word

The Stroop effect was tested on four different tasks. Nineteen Queens College students were recruited by flyer, and each were assigned to a word reading task, color reading task, color inhibition task, and word inhibition task. They were timed using a stopwatch function on a cell phone, to name the color, or word to the quickest of their ability. In the order from longest reaction time to shortest: inhibition color naming task, color naming task, inhibition word reading, and word reading. This study shows that people can read words more quickly than they can name colors, and that inhibiting an automatic response to color/word tasks will take longer to do than tasks that do not involve inhibition.

The results of the information processing lab support the text in a number of ways. As the number of choices increased, the total response time also increased, verifying Hick’s Law. This then indicates that as the trials became more complex, information processing time was influenced. However, the subjects were able to bypass the complexity of the task when they were able to preview the color or

In Stroop’s (1935) interference article, it was discovered that there is more interference in color naming then color reading. The experiment described in the article tested whether there was more interference from words or from colors (Stroop 1935). Two tests were administered each with a separate control. The RCNd test determined how fast one could read color names where the color was different from the color name while the NCWd test determined how fast one could name colors where the color was different from the word on the page. The mean time for 100 responses increased from 63.3 seconds on the RCNd test to 110.3 seconds on the NCWd test or an

The experiment is a demonstration of reaction time of a task . The Stroop experiment employs two basic processes of cognition; attention (“the concentration of mental effort on sensory or mental events”) and automaticity (“a cognitive process that does not require conscious thought as a result of existing cognitive structures

The Stroop effect is demonstrated by the reaction time to determine a color when the color is printed in a different color’s name. Participants respond slower or make more errors when the meaning of the word is incongruent with the color of the word. Despite knowing the meaning of the word, participants showed incapability of ignoring the stimulus attribute. This reflects a clear instance of semantic interference and an unfathomed failure of selective attention (Stroop, 1935).

An interesting challenge arises when a task such as color naming is identified as both controlled and automatic, by varying the other task involved. Color naming is identified as a controlled process when the other task is word reading, but as an automatic process when the other task is shape naming. Cohen, Dunbar and McClelland (1990) proposed an alternative explanation of the Stroop effect, which does not distinguish between automatic and controlled processing. Instead, they proposed that automaticity is a range, and that Stroop interference depends on the relative degree of learning the particular tasks, not on processing speed.

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of conflicting stimuli on a response task (Stroop effect), the results supported that it takes approximately double the time for the participants to perform condition 2 in comparison to condition 1 which indicates that there is a distinction between controlled and automatic processing in the brain. Thus the results support the Stroop experiment. In the Stroop experiment it withstood the idea that we are able to read words faster than naming colors. In relation to this experiment in particular; participants were able to read the words faster than distinguishing the font/style of the text. This is because the mind chooses to receive specific presented stimuli before any other aspects

The Stroop Effect is a demonstration of how the interference of conflicting information between the brain and the eyes can slow down the reaction time in some tasks. There are two parts to the experiment. A group of words is shown to the subject. The words are names of colors, but each word is written in a color different than the word. In the first test, people are timed to see how long it takes to say the color that is written. For example, if the word was “purple” then the test taker would say “purple”. Then, in the second test, people are timed to see how long it takes to say the color that is written when the word is printed in an ink color that is different from what is written. For example, if the word was “purple” and printed in red ink, then the person would say “red”. Many tests today are done very similarly, although the test that Stroop did was slightly different. ….

The study written about here’s aim was to look at the development of selective attention by using the cross-model Stroop test. The study used fifteen 4-5 year olds, fifteen 6-7 year olds, fifteen 9-11 and thirty undergraduates to participate in the study. The participants were tested individually in a lab and were told they would play a computer game, the aim of the game was to name to colour that appeared of the computer screen however they were wearing head phones and sometimes they would hear a word that could confuse them. The participants were given multiple trial, the first consisting of 18 rounds that occurred in silent conditions, giving the participants a chance to practice and

We are replicating J.R. Stroop’s original experiment The Stroop Effect (Stroop, 1935). The aim of the study was to understand how automatic processing interferes with attempts to attend to sensory information. The independent variable of our experiment was the three conditions, the congruent words, the incongruent words, and the colored squares, and the dependent variable was the time that it took participants to state the ink color of the list of words in each condition. We used repeated measures for the experiment in order to avoid influence of extraneous variables. The participants were 16-17 years of age from Garland High School. The participants will be timed on how long it takes them to say the color of the squares and the color of the words. The research was conducted in the Math Studies class. The participants were aged 16-17 and were students at Garland High School. The results showed that participants took the most time with the incongruent words.

The study of interference in serial verbal reactions was coined by J.R Stroop and published as a journal of social psychology in 1935. The investigation focused on the interaction of stimuli and the effects on verbal reactions. The psychologists argued that interference of certain stimuli may affect the ease and convenience in performing verbal tasks. This simply means that interaction between certain counteracting stimuli may affect identification and interpretation of related and sequential verbal expected reactions. The most used concept in the experiment is the color stimuli. The authors exposed some students used as study subjects to certain color stimuli.it were evident that there were some difficulties in reading the colors, especially

Introduction The subject of study in this experiment is the Stroop Effect. The Stroop Effect was discovered by John Ridley Stroop, a psychologist in the early twentieth century. The Stroop effect concerns a phenomenon known as cognitive interference, whereby multiple processes occurring in the brain interfere with one another. When one is reading the names of colours which are printed in a different colour than the colour described by the word, one reads more slowly and with less accuracy than when one is reading a list of colour names that are printed in the same colour as that which the word describes.

Early studies have widely researched attention with selective processing (Driver, 2001). Broadbent (1958) filter theory of attention states that certain information does not require focal attention. It is based on certain stimulus attributes such as colour and shape (Friedenberg, 2012). A previous study carried out by Treisman and Schmidt (1982) proposes that when attention is diverted from a display of several figures, the participants incorrectly combine the features of colour and shape therefore increases the illusory conjunctions portrayed by the participants (Tsal, 1989). Another study by Shaw (1978) found that reaction time of participant to identify targets varied with the probability that a target would appear in a particular display location. These results indicate that different amounts of attention towards the targets are distributed to different positions in the visual field. However, Houck and Hoffman (1986) found that the feature integration of colour and orientation can sometimes be accomplished without attention (James et al.,