Tests The Ability Of Liver

In the gel filtration step, we began with a slurry of Bio-Gel P-100 beads suspended in 20 mM phosphate buffer (Equilibration buffer) and an upright column with a stopcock. We added enough of the Bio-Gel P-100 beads to the column until we reached a height of 4.7 cm, making sure not to allow the column to run dry and that the top of the beads column is flat. We then added the sample, a mixture of Blue Dextran (2 mg/ml, 2 MDa), Hemoglobin (2 mg/ml), Bovine Serum Albumin (2 mg/ml), and Yellow Food Coloring (5 μl/ml, ~500 Da) (Sheffield, 37). This was followed by another ~1 ml of equilibration

The patients GGT would be elevated also if he was experiencing an acute episode of hepatitis B.

Creatinine and BUN levels are high related to the kidneys not functioning properly due to the C. Diff. Infection. The kidneys are not filtering out waste products of the body.

The specificity of albumin binding experiment was to determine the binding interactions that occur between serum albumin and three synthetic dyes with the use of electrophoretic procedure. Whole blood, or plasma. Clots upon standing and if the clot is removed, the remaining straw colored fluid is called serum. The major protein in serum is albumin which functions as a carrier molecule for the transport of certain small molecular weight compounds in blood. Molecules that bind to serum albumin are fatty acids, hormones and some synthetic dyes. In this experiment the synthetic dyes used are Bromophenol Blue, Ponceau S and Orange G. we observed that free dyes not bound to albumin migrate faster that albumin or dyes bound to albumin. This

A 20-year old male presented to the hospital with: nausea; diarrhoea and fever. Upon examination he had abdominal pain and a tender liver. The patient admitted to eating wild mushrooms, of which he had collected himself, the afternoon before attending the hospital. Laboratory analysis at the time of admission revealed elevated serum ALT (665 U/L) and AST (880 U/L), increased total bilirubin (4.9mg/dL) and an increased prothrombin time (3.11 seconds). Laboratory tests were repeated six hours later and all levels, except AST, were elevated even further; with ALT and bilirubin doubling in concentration and the prothrombin time also doubling. Albumin concentration was also tested and presented normal at both times. The patient was administered a haemodialysis with N-acetylcysteine.

4. Is it possible to know the percentage of liver cirrhosis? In other words is the organ completely affected and it's not functioning?

Sampling: Under complete aseptic conditions, 8 ml of venous blood were collected .Each blood sample was divided and divided as follows: Tube A :4 ml were collected in plain tube, left to clot at 37ºC ,then centrifuged ,clear sera were separated and divided into 3 aliquots; the first one was used to determine liver function tests(total &direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, GGT,ALP, total protein and albumin) by using AU640 autoanalyzer. The second was used for measurement of alpha feto- protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using Human AFP ELISA kits supplied by Glory Science(Immunospec Corporation, 7018 Owensmouth Ave. Suite 103 Canoga Park, CA, 91303) and the third one used for detection of hepatitis markers antibodies (HBsAg, and HCV antibody) by direct sandwich assay using the ELISA Kit supplied by Adltis, Germany. The specimens were kept frozen at -20 ˚C until the time of assay, Tube B: 2 ml were collected in a sterile sodium citrate vacutainer tubes for immediate assay of prothrombin time, concentration and INR and Tube C: 2ml were collected in sterile vacutainer tubes containing EDTA for DNA extraction.

Several studies stated that RRI could be used to diagnose HRS in patient with cirrhosis and ascites, embosses doppler sonography as an early detection tool for renal dysfunction even before any other function test become abnormal.(6, 12-15) Rivolta et al. investigated relationships between doppler measurements and the severity of ascites. After measuring 57 different patients with cirrhosis they stated that hepatic and renal artery RI were increased in cirrhotic patients and the two values were correlated (r =0.68; P =0.00001).Also in this study ,RI in patients with refractory ascites was significantly more than patients with no

(13) Offspring of low protein post-natal diets had livers with larger but fewer lobules, which is though to have a significant effect on the functioning of the liver such as impaired protein production commonly observed with type 2

CAUSES OF ALBUMINURIA High blood pressure, Congestive heart failure  Metabolic syndrome, or kidney damage from nephrotic syndrome ALBUMINURIA is seen in all forms of acute and chronic renal diseases GLUCOSE Glucose is found in the blood and is the main sugar that the body manufactures Glucosuria- The presence of glucose or blood sugar in urine is. It may indicate that the person has diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus -  condition in which the pancreas no longer produces  enough insulin or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced, so that glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed int o  the cells of the body. SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES MELLITUS  frequent urination increased thirst  increased hunger The treatment includes changes in diet, oral  medications, and in some cases, daily injecti ons of  insulin.

One method of assessing the level of liver damage is to measure the ratio of LDH-5 to LDH-1.

Liver biopsy is helpful in diagnosis of many forms of liver disease such as acute and chronic hepatitis (Wilson disease, alpha-1-antitrypsin disease, glycogen storage diseases, AIH, NiemannPick disease and others), cholestatic disorders, fatty liver disease, vascular diseases, infiltrative or storage diseases, some infectious diseases, and other disorders that may be associated with characteristic histological abnormalities. It also plays a role in the diagnosis of patients with abnormal liver tests of unknown etiology (Czaja et al., 2007).

The next assessment would consist of biochemical parameters, which are laboratory tests. The lab tests that Josephine participated in include albumin, sodium, potassium, iron and vitamin B12. Her results show a decreased value in albumin, sodium, iron and vitamin B12. Albumin is a test that provides the measurement of visceral protein stores in the body. Low albumin levels can be caused by malnutrition caused by difficulty absorbing and digesting protein. These types of issues are usually signs of Crohn’s disease or Celiac disease. A sodium test is used to determine if the body is experiencing abnormal levels of sodium. Being a salsa instructor, Josephine needs to stay hydrated, meaning she would increase her intake of water during her time of exercise whether it be during a dance class or in the gym.

The malnutrition effect of Gaardia among infected lambs was associated with a low AP level. Since, the hepatobiliary integrity is measured by the serum AP (Brash et al. 2009), so this low level of AP accuses the indirect negative effect of Gaardia on liver tissues and bile duct

ISSN 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2015), Volume 3, Issue 12, 1539 –15481546INR levels were less in PVT group than control group but in patients with early stages of liver cirrhosis, no differences in their levels was found between the 2 groups. Therefore, patients with advanced liver cirrhosis and less prolonged coagulation parameters appear to carry a higher risk of PVT compared with patients with advanced liver cirrhosis and markedly prolonged coagulation parameters. These findings were also reported by Weber et al. (19)in their study on cirrhotic patients with PVT. The platelet levels were also lower with advanced stages of liver disease possibly from hypersplenism, immune mechanisms and/or decreased production of thrombopoietin synthesis in the liver (23).Our study demonstrated that platelet count inversely proportionate with degree of liver decompensation. In patients with Child 's class C, the decrease in platelet count in PVT group was less than that of control group. These results werein agreement with Francoz et al. (24)and Donglei et al. (21)who reported that cirrhotic patients with PVT had higher platelet level in comparison with cirrhotic patients without PVT and advanced stages of liver disease. From the previous results we can conclude that, in cirrhotic patients the impact of portal hypertension and deficiency of natural