Phlomis Younghusbandii Mukerjee is a perennial herb (family Labiatae) and grows wildly in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. It has been widely used to treat colds, coughs, sores ulceration, rheumatoid arthritis, pneumonia, bronchitis and other diseases for thousands years. In this paper, 5 iridoid glycosides (sesamoside, shanzhiside methylester, 7, 8-dehydropenstemoside, penstemoside and 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methylester) and 3 phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside, alyssonoside, and isoacteoside) in the four samples from different places were analyzed by HPLC. The acetic acid-induced writhing test, the hot plate test, the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, the xylene-induced ear swelling test, and the acetic acid-induced Evans blue leakage …show more content…
Younghusbandii[2-7].
Iridoid glycosides and phenylethanoid glycosides with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities have been isolated from several plants of genus Phlomis [8-9].In our recent study, the related plants, Phlomis umbrosa Turcz and Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo, have showed significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in several animal models[10-11].At the same time,six iridoid glycosides: sesamoside,shanzhiside methyl ester, 7,8-dehydropenstemoside, penstemoside, 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester, phlomiol and three phenylethanoid glycosides: acteoside, alyssonoside, and isoacteosidewere isolated and identified from P. Younghusbandii. Among of these compounds, 7, 8-dehydropenstemoside, and three phenylethanoid glycosides were isolated from this plant for the first time [12].In this paper,the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the hot plate test, the xylene-induced ear swelling test, and the acetic acid-induced Evans blue leakage test were used to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of this plant.5-iridoid glycosides (sesamoside, shanzhiside methylester, 7, 8-dehydro- penstemoside, penstemoside and 8-O-acetyl-shanzhiside methylester) (Fig. 2)and 3-phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside, alyssonoside, and isoacteoside) (Fig. 3)in three samples of P. Younghusbandii from different places were
Thousands of herbs have been clinically tested to decreasing chronic lower back pain in several meta-analysis studies significantly more than placebo. Moreover, many studies delineated the pharmacological and physiological effects of these herbs: C. frutescens - ability to deplete substance P, a neurotransmitter for pain perception. S. alba is a platelet inhibitor and analgesic, and H. procumbens has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
As a tax paying American citizen, I expect nothing but the best from our Police officer. The ability of the officer to protect my family while away at work, or out of town. Police Officers are task to up hold the law, but also entrusted to make the right decision. One story that caught my attention was a story about a famous football player, who played for the Houston Texans, by the name Ryan Moats. Moats was rushing to the hospital with his wife to see his dying mother and law. Moats was pulled over for driving reckless and the Officer Powell drew his gun on him. The nurse and Doctor came out to let the officer know what was going on but the Officer Powell did not listen. Officer Powell wrote Moats a ticket and during the process his wife’s mother passed away. Officer Powell used Deontology reasoning.
Although there is no record to establish when plants were first used for medicinal purposes, the use of plants as healing agents as well as clays and soils is ancient. Dioscourides, a Greek physician of the Roman army, prescribed extracts of willow bark for joint pain. First, willow bark was confirmed to be effective, and then the natural ester of salicylic acid (salicin) was isolated as the willow’s active ingredient by Johannes Buchner in Germany (Rainsford,1984). It was then derivatized by Rafaela Pirea to yield salicylic acid, and later (1899) by the Bayer company, to yield acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin.
Artifice; the chicanery committed everywhere yet perceived by so few. Unfortunately, easily deceived Americans have engendered a reality replete with this phony yet prevalent skill pinpointed in numerous aspects of today’s society. In his book Empire of Illusions, Chris Hedges argues that “the most essential skill . . . is artifice,” ranging from political theater to consumer culture. In Hedges’ quote, essentiality is best defined as unfortunate but necessary, as artifice causes undesirable effects on a person's conscience. Although the idea of artifice is exceptionally useful and even imperative in many political, economical, and cultural spheres, gun control politics are a prime exception. In present day America, the controversial topic
The plant kingdom is abundant in species that act as anti-inflammatories to animal tissue. If the premise is accepted that through an ecological integration most of the biological needs of humanity and the other animals are met by our evolutionary environment, the wealth of anti-inflammatory herbs comes as no surprise. Whilst they are rarely as immediately powerful as the steroid drugs, they are very rarely as dangerous and potentially life threatening.
Burke, Sheila. "TN Supreme Court to Hear Field Sobriety Case." The Tennessean. N.p., 23 Mar. 2013. Web. 28 Mar. 2013.
Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) is one of the nine species in the Asteraceae/Compositae family, related to the daisy. The North American origin gives insight to its first use in Native American herbal medicine. The plant is commonly used in minor respiratory infection remedies and labeled as a functional food for its properties in increasing antibodies when served in as an herbal drink or pill. Further analysis of this functional food will give light to the common sources, clinical description and side effects drawn from studies to date.
The aerial part of the plants, which contains a large amount of active compounds, is used medically. Some of the active constituents from the aerial parts include alkanes, ketones, aldehyde, lactones, diterpenoids, diterpene glycosides, flavonoids and flavonoids glycosides (Akbar 2011). Andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata is the major labdane diterpenoid. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities (Hidalgo et al. 2013). The leave is found to be containing the highest amount of andrographolide while the seed contains the least amount of andrographolide (Trivedi 2010). It is the most commonly used part for medicinal purposes. Nonetheless, the whole plant and roots are also known to have some limited purposes. It was investigated that the leaves consists of two major bitter principles which are andrographolide and also kalmeghin (Akbar 2011). The latter is found after many experiments had been carried out. Below is the chemical structure of
C1 presently works very closely with C2, which is mainly a Research & Development center for
Prickly pear cactus is the common name of many different species in the genus Opuntia and the species within can be less than one foot tall up to seven feet tall. This cactus has large fleshy pads, and very large spines (2). These edible plants have potential health benefits that have been explored in some research. These plants have been shown to have antioxidant properties, and organ protective qualities, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Many of these properties can be beneficial for humans because these issues affect all people at some point in their life. The studies examined in this paper will examine the
Herbal medicine has always been a part of the different cultures of the world. According to Woodham et al. (2000), herbs has played a very important part in the field of medicine for thousands of years. Looking back to the development of Herbalism in ancient Egypt, the comprehensive knowledge of the Greeks in herbal medicine, to the traditional way of Herbal Medicine in China, herbs have been a part of many therapeutic treatments found in many different parts of the world at different times of our history. Thousands of these different herbs including guava leaves, up to this time are still used in both conventional and natural medicine. Commercially, we can find these herbs in beverages like teas, different vitamins and supplements, ointments and creams and even in beauty products like shampoo and soaps. According to Morton (1987), guava leaves as part of the Far Eastern traditional herbal medicine continues to provide beneficial effects in maintaining and regaining physical health. It is amazing how guava leaves can be so useful in many ways. What components does the guava leaves have that it can be used for therapeutic treatment? By looking at the different use of guava leaves, this
Spermacoce hispida L. is one of the important medicinal plants used in traditional systems of medicine. It is observed that, several times it is difficult to differentiate the plant from the other allied species from the same genus, Spermacoce, especially, when they are in drug form. Therefore, the present study aims to document the differences in the pharmacognostic characters, preliminary phytochemical analysis and polyphenolic contents from the leaves of four species belonging to the genus Spermacoce, viz. S. hispida L., S. mauritiana O. Gideon, S. stricta L. and S. ocymoides Burm. Transverse section passing through the midrib with lamina on either sides, epidermal characters, leaf constants, organoleptic characters, physicochemical analysis, extractive values and preliminary phytochemical analysis were carried out for all these species. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) by Folin-Ciocalteu method and Total Flavonoids (TF) by AlCl3 method were also estimated from the leaves of all these species. The results indicated that S. hispida can be clearly differentiated from the other selected species on the basis of size and number of epidermal cells, size of trichomes, leaf constants, physicochemical analysis and extractive values. However, it is also found that S. hispida possess TPC at 6.88±0.34 mg CAE/g and 9.17±0.46 mg TAE/g. TF was at 5.98±0.30 mg QE/g. The study will provide information with respect to identification and differentiation selected species of genus Spermacoce.
he worldwide increase of multidrug resistance has impaired the current antimicrobial therapy, warranting the search for other alternatives.This study investigated the efficacy of using plant extracts; Lawsonia inermis L(Henna), Glycyrrhiza glabra L(licorice) and Rosmarinus officinalis L (Rosemary) as antifungal agents.Antifungal susceptibility test revealed that nystatin were mostly active against tested clinical isolates. In vitro antifungal activity of the different plant extracts against isolates showed that acetonic extract of licorice, had high antifungal activity. In vivo study, topical application of licorice gave promising and excellent healing response. We propose that the higher percentage of (GC-MS) of 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose 29.1 %, most probably are the causes of its higher antifungal activity.
Arthritis has become a very common disease that affect the old people in FUTA south gate area Akure. According to Wiktionary, Arthritis is an inflammation of a joint or joints causing pain and/or disability, swelling and stiffness, and due to various causes such as infection, and due to various causes such as infection, trauma, degenerative changes or metabolic disorders. There are different types of arthritis which include: Osteoarthritis (inflammation, pain and bony changes to the tissue) and Rheumatoid arthritis (an autoimmune condition that usually involves a great deal of inflammation and if it is severe, can be very disfiguring) (Valerie, 2014). FUTA gate is located in the southern part of Akure local government of Ondo State. The study was carried out at FUTA South-Gate community in Akure, Akure-South Local Government Area of Ondo State. The aim of this report is to examine the effectiveness of Swedish herbal mixture in the treatment of arthritis
According to some studies lagundi showed that it can prevent the body’s production of leukotriene’s which are release during asthma attack. Lagundi contains chrysoplenol that is a substance provides with anti-histamine and anti-inflammatory effects, the histamine can constrict the bronchial tubes, and inflammation of mucus membranes can cause wheezing so these effects can help the asthmatic. In addition, the Lagundi was found to obstruct leukotriene release. Leukotrienes, like histamine can provide to constricted breathing and inflammation of the lungs. Also in Japan, lagundi is recognized as an effective herbal medicine, it shown that it includes properties that make it an expectorant and it has been reported to use as a tonic as well and researches more