Tetanus Vaccine Research

Tetanus, a dangerous bacterial disease that is also known as lockjaw, is a disease that attacks your central nervous system (Mayo Clinic). This disease is a severe and sometimes even fatal disease that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is a spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus that is found in higher concentrations in animal manure and soil (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Tetanus can cause a person to have painful muscle contractions, mostly in your neck muscles and/or your jaw. One thing that tetanus can restrict is your breathing ability; on the other hand, it sometimes can even threaten your life (Mayo Clinic). It transfers to your body through an open wound. Tetanus is often found in soil and animal manure.

World War One was a conflict that began in Europe and had a large majority of European countries as well as the United States and Japan and lasted four years between 1914 and 1918. As the war began it was quickly plunged into a stalemate due to the development of trench warfare, this meant that in order to win each side would have to develop more advanced military technology. The rapid advancement of technology resulted in many lost lives as killing was made easier, this was not helped the lack of knowledge of the new technology and how to combat it. Disease however did have a large impact on the death toll due to the ease of infection in the trenches. The claim that…“the high death rate on the battlefields in World War One can be attributed solely to the military technology utilised,” is correct to a reasonable extent. This is due to, firstly, the rapid advancement of military technology, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries Secondly, military strategy did not adapt as fast as the advancements in technology until much later in the war, thus resulting in many more deaths. However, other contributing factors such as disease resulted

As World War II raged from 1939-1945, many people lost their lives due to the wartime conditions. Nevertheless, many medical developments occurred from sulphonamide drugs to penicillin and new surgical techniques were introduced. This increased the chance of Allied side to win the war as the Axis didn’t have these newly developed medical aids.

Tetanus is an infection of the nervous system caused by the neurotoxin tetanospasmin (TeNT) produced by the bacteria Clostridium tetani. This bacteria is naturally found in soil, dust, and manure. In the United States, tetanus infects 40-60 people per year, with one-third ending with fatalities. Tetanus toxin causes spastic paralysis in the jaw, neck, and abdomen causing difficulty of speech, swallowing, breathing, and may cause severe muscle spasms and seizures. Tetanus toxin has the potent DTaP vaccine, but the vaccine degrades over time causing re-susceptibility to the disease if not boosted every 9-10 years. The structural organization of tetanospasmin is the same as botulinum toxin (BoNT). Botulinum toxin is produced by the bacteria Clostridium

“The 1918 flu pandemic was responsible for the death of more than 675,000 Americans and more than 50 million people worldwide” (Vaccines). This epidemic is what has influenced health department’s preparedness for protecting society from another devastating and fearful pandemic. This astonishing fact should raise the concern for the issue of whether or not vaccines should be mandatory in the United States. Since the epidemic in 1918, the United States has developed hundreds of vaccines, advanced medication, and intensive care facilities (Vaccines).

World War 1 has become known as one of the bloodiest wars in recent history and a main factor that contributed to the gruesomeness of this war was the emerging technology during the course of the war. From machine guns, to aircrafts, and chemical weapons each of these technologies contributed to the perpetuation of World War 1 (WW1).

Advancements in technology and science contributed to one the most gory and bloodiest war in the annals of human existence. These new technological advancements revolutionized how people regarded war. War was no longer where the opposite forces fought in a coordinated battle. War evolved into game of cunning strategy where the side with the bigger, powerful, and smarter toys played better. This led to a fierce competition where each side tried to create the smarter machines and better weapons, leading to deadly mass killing weapons in the process. One weapon or machine was created and an even better one was made. New developments such as machine guns, poison gas, tanks, and new strategy to thwart trench warfare affected how WWI was

We all are familiar with Tetanus but little of us really know that it is a serious bacterial infection that causes painful muscle spasms that can lead to death. Also known as lock-jaw because muscle spasms begin in the jaw, then it progresses throughout the rest of the body. Sometimes the muscle spasms are severe enough that it may cause bone fractures. Tetanus is caused by an infection with the bacterium known as Clostridium tetani. Soil, saliva, dust, and manure are all places tetanus is commonly found. It enters the body through a break in the skin by a contaminated object. From there, it produces toxins that interfere with muscle contractions. This is the reason for making sure that one is up to date on their tetanus vaccine for protection.

A disease caused by the toxin produced by Clostridium tetanus is known as Tetanus. Tetanus is a rare disease in the United States that is contracted through an opening of the body. Currently there is no treatment available to combat the infection. Per the JABFM Journal Of The American Board Of Family Medicine, published on May 1, 2001, Volume 14, no. 3, pages 223- 224 a case study was conducted investigating the tetanus disease. The title of the article is Tetanus: A Case Study by Peter J. Raia. MS, MD. The purpose of this project is to examine the research and determine a conclusion based on the information provided.

It is important to know how and when the laceration was sustained. Patients with wounds of more than 24 hours are not candidates of incision repair with sutures (Ursatine & Coates, 2011, p. 157). Also, knowing the patient’s coexisting conditions and degree of contamination (dirty wounds, bites, presence of a foreign body) is important to determine the possible use of antibiotic prophylaxis (Ursatine & Coates, 2011, p. 158). Lastly, ask the parents about patient’s current tetanus status is needed to determine if patient needs to receive the tetanus vaccine (Tetanus-Diphptheria-Pertussis vaccine [Tdap]) (Ursatine & Coates, 2011, p. 157). Furthermore, ask the parents if they would prefer to have a plastic surgeon repair

Traveling back two centuries, Edward Jenner created the first vaccine against smallpox by collecting contaminated pus from a smallpox lesion and injected, or inoculated, it into a five- year-old boy. The procedure was effective and the boy only had mild symptoms of smallpox leading to a new era of biology. (Stern & Markel 2005) Today's modern medicine has evolved rapidly to create many safe vaccines that have protected 2-3 million lives per year from foreign viruses and bacteria. (WHO 2012) Measles, Mumps, Tetanus, Pertussis (whooping cough), Polio, and Hepatitis A and B are all diseases that can present serious complications, even death, but are now being eradicated by power of the vaccine. For vaccines to be an effective solution, a majority

World War I led to a massive amount of lives lost. This was the first war where 20th century weaponry technology was used in the early 19th century. World War I resulted in the death of an estimated 8.5 million soldiers to include 126,000 US troops, 1.7 million Germans, 1.7 million Russians and 1.3 million French. Not only was this the first War that used high powered weaponry, World War I saw the introduction of poison gas, and tanks. The introduction on gas had an effect on World War II as the Nazis used Zyklon B, in the concentration camps.

Tetanus is an acute, potentially fatal disease that is characterized by generalized increased rigidity and convulsive spasms of skeletal muscles. The symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani, an anaerobic bacillus, whose spores survive in soil and cause infection by contaminating wounds (Hassel, 2013). The spores enter the body through breaks in the skin, and germinate under low-oxygen conditions. Puncture wounds and wounds with a significant amount of tissue injury are more likely to promote germination. The toxin produced by the bacteria are absorbed into the bloodstream, eventually reaching the nervous system, causing painful and often violent muscular contractions. The disease is commonly termed lockjaw because the muscle stiffness usually first involves the jaw and neck, and later becomes generalized. Tetanus is a noncommunicable disease, meaning it is not transmitted from one person to another (Tiwari, 2011).

Serious causes of tetany include severe diarrhea and kidney disease​,Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani, which are bacteria normally found in soil and manure​,the people who aer develope this disease are the agrarian people,the symptoms of it are Stiffness of the jaw , Stiffness of the abdominal , back muscles , Contraction of the facial muscles.,Symptoms may last 3 to 4 weeks ,Tetanus toxin can affect infants to cause muscle spasms, inability to nurse, and seizures. This typically occurs within the first two weeks after birth and can be associated with poor sanitation methods in caring for the umbilical cord stump. Of note, because of tetanus vaccination programs, only three cases of neonatal tetanus have been reported since 1990, and

Toronto- Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus is an deadly disease that kills one newborn every 11 minutes and average 134 babies each day. Some parts of the world, mothers are having a hard time accessing to clean, hygienic and safe hospitals to get the necessary care to give birth to unborn child. UNICEF and the Kiwanis club wants to eliminate this preventable disease, create awareness and educate the public about it.