Tetrachromacy: Genetic Differences Between Birds And Birds

The human brain is capable of perceiving and interpreting information or stimuli received through the sense organs (i.e., eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and skin) (Weiten, 1998). This ability to perceive and interpret stimulus allows the human being to make meaningful sense of the world and environment around them. However, even as the human being is able to perceive and interpret stimuli information through all sense organs, stimuli is most often or primarily interpreted using the visual (eyes) and auditory (ears) sense organs (Anderson, 2009). However, for the purpose of this paper, the visual information process will be examined.

Light that enters the cornea bends and focuses the light through the pupil. The light hits the lens to make an upside down picture to the retina. The retina has photoreceptors, cones and rods, to sent signals to the brain using the optic nerve. Cones allow you to see color while rods allow you to see in darkness and outlines. In the brain, it will make an image from the

After being shown a picture of an elephant they eye will take the light that is reflected from the object and it will enter the eye through the pupil. Then the light will be focused by the cornea and the lens to form a sharp image of the elephant in the retina. The retina is the network of neurons that cover the back of the eye and contains the visual receptors for a person vision. The visual receptors are made up of cones and rods that contain light sensitive chemicals called visual pigments. Visual pigments reacht to light and cause a triggered electrical signals to occur. These electrical signals will then flow through a network of neurons and this network of neurons is what makes up a persons retina. After the flow through the network of neurons occurs the electrical signals will emerge from the back of the eye in the area

Principles of visual perception o Trichromatic theory There are 3 cones: 1. S cones – sensitive to blue 2. M cones – sensitive to green 3. L cones – sensitive to red o Opponent process theory There are 3 mechanisms that respond to a pair of opposites: Blue-yellow Green-red Black-white o Gestalt •

John Dalton has been known to have discovered his own colour blindness in the year of 1794, seeing pink as blue and scarlet as green. The vitreous humor is known as a gel that can fill a space that is in-between the lens and retina of the eyeball, it’s also known as vitreous body. There are around 1 in 12 man and 1 out of 200 women that colour blindness affects in their everyday life, there are also different types of colour blindness that affects many such as Deuteranomaly or Protanomaly are also known as red-green where they find it difficult to see reds, greens, browns and oranges. Monochromatic which is seeing no colour at all. In a person’s eye there are three colours that make up all the colours that show in someone that is colour blind they have a faulty hue of colour and

The way a human eye and brain works together to produce visual data understandable to the

Their eyes, and vision are analogous, since they are bitten by mantis shrimp, in more details, the mantis shrimp known as not endangers, yet when they bites on people’s body, the sting of a the mantis shrimp has swollen up, either, causes serious loss of vision. According to the current research, mantis shrimp is very tiny, and their habitat is normally in shallow ocean. Therefore, at first people discern no difference, and did not even realize it was occurring. Those of evidences are still convincing with people’s perspective, such as people usually distinguish many colors, and it is now a proven fact that people truly conceive that they are normality. Therefore, majority opinion is more significant than the minority one, and which is one of the evidence that expressed that still many color-blinded either dismiss from the people or a world. However, resume the thread of our discourse, the mantis shrimp see the color differently such as red to brown, and green to black. Those of the facts that only prove by the mantis shrimp, since many of the people born with their unusual ability of the eyes. Actually, we are the inability to distinguish particular

Introduction: The gene that codes for red-green color blindness, the most common form of color blindness in humans, is found on the X chromosome. One in 12 males is color blind. In females, however, color blindness affects only about 1 in 200. Why is

Oculocutaneous albinism means albinism affecting both eyes and skin. Most people with Oculocutaneous Albinism have two different mutations on one gene, that is referred to as compound heterozygote. There are seven different categories and subtypes of each type of albinism. . 1 in 70 people carry the gene for any type of Oculocutaneous Albinism. (Grønskov, Ek, & Bronaum-Nielson, 2007)

Elizabet mixed up red and green as the majority of color blind people, while Michael Hall saw purple instead of blue and orange instead of yellow.

People suffering from Red-Green colorblindness is a form of blindness where those affected are not in a position to differentiate between red and green and they usually perceive these two colors as being identical.

In evolutionary terms colour and the way it is perceived is an important aspect. Sumner and Mollon (2000a) conducted research looking into the photopigments and the detection of targets. They found that the L/M subsystem provides an advantage for the detection of fruits and leaves. This led them to their conclusion that finding these foods may have been an essential selective advantage in the original development and maintenance of primate trichromacy, and thus the process of colour perception can be beneficial to primates. Despite having the same visual system, the research is problematic as it was conducted on animals, and thus the findings may not be the same when applying it to the human concept of colour vision. Further support towards the evolutionary basis of colour perception comes from Bompas, Kendall and Sumner (2013) who found that normal trichromats made faster responses and fewer errors than their colour deficient competitors. This shows that colour is an important aspect and both of these research findings combined suggest enhanced survival due to the way in which colour is

Albinism is a rare mutation around the world. Those with albinism can also have some beautifully unique features with the

Once he is able to see colors, he notices the apples on the table and exclaims that they are red. But how does he know? He has never seen color before and wasn’t taught colors and this relates back to the memory passed down from the giver. He knows the apple is red from memory, not emotion, senses nor from intuition. He knows that not from his memory but from the giver’s memory of the past.