Tetralogy Of Fallot ( Tof ) Is A Congenital Heart Defect

Congenital heart disease is a cardiovascular condition resulting from an abnormality in the structure of the heart. The exact time this defect forms is unknown but it is during the fetal development in the womb. Researchers think the defect could be case partially by genetics and medical conditions of the fetus and the parents. If the baby’s mother had rubella, while pregnant or other conditions such as diabetes could have caused the defect. Some medications that were taken by a pregnant mother could also have caused birth defects. An error on chromosome 22 could also have caused the heart defect. Some symptoms that a person may have a congenital heart may not show up until later in life but many children also have the symptoms. Symptoms of a congenital heart defect are abnormal heartbeat, bluish tint to skin, shortness of breath, dizziness or fainting, and swelling of body tissues and organs.

Individuals with this disorder further acquire congenital heart defects. It specifically blocks off the natural blood flow from the lungs and right chamber of the heart and/or causes an anomalous gap in the barrier that divides the heart chambers in two. Another symptom of this disorder are the problems involved in the digestive system. People who have this syndrome are

R E V I E W S H E E T 30 Anatomy of the Heart

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is a rare, complex congenital heart defect. It occurs in about five out of every 10,000 babies. When babies are born with ToF, they have four different heart problems:

It also disproved previous theories on the cause of crush syndrome. Alfred was able to gain wide recognition in the medical community after Vivien and Alfred provided undeniable proof. By the mid 1930s, they began experimental work in vascular and cardiac surgery. This defied medical taboos against operating on the heart. A decade later, this work would see them saving a life at Johns Hopkins. While doing this work, Alfred and Vivien would give dogs the blue baby syndrome. They did this so that they could figure out ways to cure the blue baby syndrome. They did surgery on dog’s hearts in hopes it would reverse the effects and save them from dying. By 1940, Blalock was offered the position of Chief of Surgery. He requested that Thomas would accompany him. In infants that have blue baby syndrome, blood is shunted past the lungs and it deprives them of oxygen. This is also why they turn blue. To cure this defect, it was suggested that it might be possible to reconnect the pipes in some kind of way. This would be done to increase the level of blood flow to the lungs. On November 29th, 1944, an eighteen-month-old named Eileen Saxon was the first infant the procedure would be tried

Thomas surgically created in dogs the heart malformations that caused the blue baby syndrome (deformities of the heart that prevented much of their blood from reaching their lungs). He worked with Dr. Blalock to develop revolutionary shunt which attenuated these deformities. And in 1944, with association of Dr. Helen Taussig, they designed and carried out the first blue baby operations.

For years now, I’ve had dreams of going to medical school and becoming a surgeon. I don’t know what kind of surgeon I would want to be, but cardiothoracic is up there. In my eighth-grade science class we dissected pig’s hearts and a kid’s dad, a heart surgeon, helped. He told me I had the hands of a surgeon, which I thought was incredible considering my aspirations. Not only did this article interest me because I have general knowledge on the workings of a heart, but also because it shows the process of cleaning up mistakes in a medical

Critical Congenital Heart Defects are abnormalities of the heart structure that are present at birth. These occur because of incomplete or abnormal development of the fetus’ heart. These defects can cause severe mortality within the newborn stage (Goldstein, 2013, p.1). Several are known to be linked to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome and others are thought to be linked to environmental factors that women can be exposed to while pregnant. The cause of most CCHD’s is unknown.

Alfred Blalock, Dr. Helen Taussig, and Vivien Thomas stood up for the voiceless blue babies. “Blue baby” is a term used for children with heart defects. Since their body is not getting the oxygen it needs, they have a blue complexion. Blalock, Taussig, and Thomas took a stand against the people who thought it was not right to perform surgery on the heart. They encountered numerous challenges in their journey, such as the lack of rights for minorities and women. In conclusion, with all of their knowledge and courage combined, they created the BT Shunt, a surgery that is still commonly used

She was born with Tricuspid Atresia, Vetricula Steptum Defect, along with a Mirtral valve defect and numerous other medical issues. Tricuspid Atresia is a complex heart defect that occurs when the right ventricle in the heart fails to develop correctly during development in the womb. In Smilie’s case, it caused her to have little to no function in the right ventricle of the heart. To save Smilie’s life, doctors at the Prince Charles Hospital preformed a 3-stage surgery over 2 years to redirect blood flow within her body. Smilie had the BT Shunt at a few days old, the Hemi Fontan at 6 months old and the Fenestrated Fontan completed at 2 years of age. Smilie now has Hyploplastic Right Heart Syndrome as a result, which is a generalised term used to encompass the many conditions that can cause a lack of development in the Right Ventricle Side of the heart.

A hallmark of tetralogy of fallot is the deficiency of oxygenated blood being pumped to the heart from the lungs and from the heart into the aorta to the rest of the body. To better understand how this abnormality can have a negative effect on patients it helps to visualize how the heart normally functions. First, the superior and

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most prevalent of all birth defects and the leading cause of death in the first year of life, (1) with an annual prevalence ranging from six to twelve affected infants per 1,000 live births. (2)

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), one of the more common cardiac defects at birth, is the persistence of an opening between the pulmonary artery and the descending thoracic aorta. This opening is as a result of failure of the physiological fetus ductus arteriosus to close, which normally occurs soon after birth. This hole allows for oxygenated blood from the aorta to mix with oxygen-depleted blood from the pulmonary artery. As a consequence, significant strain is placed on the heart and pressure within the lungs’ arteries is dramatically increased.

Home: Where the Heart Is – An outline and tour of the heart from Franklin Institute.

Content: Our group was assigned velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). I was excited to receive a syndrome to which I had not been exposed. I was assigned etiology, history, and incidence/prevalence. I learned that VCFS originates from the Latin words “velum” which means “palate,” “cardia” which means “heart,” and “facies” which means having to do with the face. It is the most common syndrome associated with cleft palate! Additionally, VCFS is an autosomal dominant condition. This means that once a person is recognized as having VCFS, they have a 50 percent chance of passing the syndrome on to their offspring. VCFS is characterized by a small deletion of chromosome 22, more specifically in the region of 22q11.2. This deletion results in about 30 genes becoming absent from chromosome 22. Two genes in particular-COMT and TBX1-are associated with VCFS (not all genes that cause VCFS have been identified). However, I am not sure why these genes are involved. I tried to research the reason, but could not find a plausible explanation. I also learned that more often than not, neither parent of a child with VCFS has the deletion of 22q11.2. This means that the condition is NEW in 93 percent of offspring. The good news is that the chance for the couple to produce another child with VCFS is close to zero. The deletion occurs as an accident when either the egg or sperm is being formed, OR early in fetal development. Angelo DiGeorge, MD, is one of the people