Textile Revolution In The North

In the 19th century, America saw major expansions and technological advances that paved way for the grand expansion of agriculture that boosted the nation’s economy. Regardless of the fact that Great Britain had tried to keep secrets regarding machinery and inventions, most of America’s advances were propelled by inventions such as the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793, steel plow by John Deere, railway, steamboats, telegraph, and canals. In addition, technology’s profound effect on agriculture also led to the rise of the textile industry whereby factories produced materials such as cotton thread and cloth. Many of these initial factories are recognized in historical texts, but the Lowell factory system is one that is famous – precisely the

In the early 19th century rural worker produced their own goods and were very self sufficient. Farm families grew their own crops and raised their own animals and made their own clothing, candles, and soap. They would sell those products at markets for money to buy certain products that couldn't be produced on their own. By the middle of the 19th century, America, especially in the Northeast, became more industrialized. This spurred on a Market Revolution. People were buying and selling goods instead of making it for personal use. This caused big changes in not only the US economy, but in the daily lives of Americans. The incomes of everyday Americans rose as goods and services grew. Inventions such as the textile mill and interchangeable parts played a huge role in the improvements and growth of factories in the North. Interchangeable parts allowed mass production and strengthened industry. With the Market Revolution came an Economic Revolution. This impacted communication as well as transportation. The telegraph, invented in 1837, allowed instantaneous communication and railroads allowed safe, reliable, and quick transportation. Water transportation, such as steamboats and canals, made it easier to move heavy machinery and raw materials. The building of canals and railroads required a large amount of workers. The labor demand grew which caused many immigrants to come to America for new opportunities to make a living. The investment in canals and railroads also turned the Northeast into the center of commerce in America, and after opening the Eerie Canal, New York City became the main link between agriculture in America and European markets. The improvements in transportation and communication aided in allowing Americans in different regions to keep in touch in addition to creating interdependencies and markets.

Once the completion of the War of 1812 took place, the federal government strive to gain many policies to build up the national economy. The Second Bank of the US was created in 1816, after the first national bank’s charter had lapsed. It helped level the economy by assisting with creating currency that worked nationally. The BUS helped create loans for farmers, small manufacturers, and regulation of state banks to be able to provide their own currency. Also during the time of 1816, Congress ended up creating the Tariff of 1816, which ended up inputting taxes on assorted imported goods, to help assist with safeguarding America’s iron and textile from the competition of the British. When Monroe, Adams, and Madison, all came together, they advocated for a dynamic economic role for the federal government, which included, the creation of a nation bank, tariff to be able to protect Americans, and federal funded internal improvements, which were the construction of canals and roads to assist with the flow of goods and people. Within

the Second National Bank of the United States. The Panic of 1819 was a key motivator for the

This was not the first attempt at centralized banking, Alexander Hamilton, the first Treasury secretary, expressed that a national bank would stabilize the new governments shaky credit and support a stronger economy. Hamilton faced opposition, primarily from the South, where lawmakers assumed a central bank would be beneficial only to the North. Hamilton would have his way and Congress would establish the Frist Bank of the United States in 1791. In 1811, the bank’s charter would expire and Congress would refuse to renew it by just one vote (Irwin, 2013). The Second Bank of the US would be necessary in 1816 as a result of the War of 1812. President Madison would realize that it would be too hard to fight a war without a national bank to fund the government. Again, in 1836, Andrew Jackson would be in office and see to the demise of the Second Bank.

As western advancements were steadily plugging along, so were those of the east. With the Treaty of Ghent neutralizing waters between Britain and America, and the Hartford Convention re-evaluating trade embargos, and navigation acts, the post War of 1812 economy was known as the era of good feeling. The economy rapidly transformed into a national market. Trans-continental communication was necessary for the first time. Emergence of a national defense, national banks, an expanding postal system, and eventually a national road formed to accommodate new needs.

The Second Bank of the U.S. was created in 1816, an exact replica of how the First Bank was set up in the same responsibilities and powers.

A patent is a legal document giving inventors the property right to their own invention. A patent didn’t always mean the rights to an invention though. A patent used to mean a special privilege or favor. It also could be used to acquire more land or obtain rights to explore a new land. Presently the patent is used only for the rights to your invention. Virginia Alexandrea from The United States Patent and Trademark Office wrote the article “General Information Concerning Patents” where she described what Patent rights include.

This would help to stabilize the nation’s economy. The First Bank of the United State was established, allowing the regulation of credit and banking facilities nationwide. However, this bank did not have complete support and in 1811 when the bank’s charter was up for renewal, it was not approved by the Senate and the First Bank of the United States was closed. The war of 1812 highlighted that without a central bank, the Treasury Department struggled to finance the war. It was because of this struggle that in 1816, the Second Bank of the United States was established. Over the next twenty years, the Second Bank reduced the national debt, stabilized exchange rates and aided in national economic growth. As with its predecessor, the Second Bank of the United States closed at the end of its 20-year charter in 1836 due to lack of support in the Senate. Another Federal bank, the Federal Reserve, would not be established until 1913. It is with this third establishment of a national bank that economists recognized that Hamilton’s design was sound. The Federal Reserve continues to regulate the U.S. banking system

Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution provides the federal government with the power to issue patents and copyrights in order “to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries” (U.S. Const. art. I, § 8). A patent provides the inventor with an exclusive right to “use, license or sell and invention,” (U.S. Const. art. I, § 8), as such the product, service, process or design becomes the personal property of the inventor(s).

The First Bank of the United States was established in 1791 by Alexander Hamilton to serve as a central bank for the country to store government funds, to collect taxes, and to issue a standard form of currency. The bank was also established because of the enormous debt from the Revolutionary War. The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in 1816 by the Congress and was supplied one-fifth of its funds of $35 million with the same responsibilities and powers as the First Bank. However, the Second Bank did not enjoy the limited success of the First Bank. The Second Bank was put with poor management. The Bank was supposed to maintain a currency principle, but instead the ratio moved around between 12 and 65 percent. It also quickly divided

In the early 1900s, many immigrants had left their home country and came to America in hopes of starting a new life. In order to do so, they had to get a job and start supporting the new life in which they hoped for. During this time, the industrial field seemed to be the most common occupation of any immigrants, especially in New York City. There were hardly any working requirements and basically anyone could be hired in these sweatshops or factories. The garment industry in particular, hired immigrant women and children with a very low wage, strenuous labor hours, and awful working conditions. Without any regulations or codes, the working environment could’ve been considered a death trap and was not being appreciated when it came to pay day.

A patent gives the authority to deny people the right to use, make or sell the invention. You can only patent an invention if it is completely new and not an adaption of an invention already present in the market, and if it can be made or used.

After Congress refused the national bank before the war of 1812, the states started their own banks with their own currency. This made things difficult for the American people. There more than 400 different banks by 1818, with each of them having their own currency. Investors were losing and winning by just by picking different currency to follow. This left America in trouble. “To end the mayhem and strengthen the national government, proponents of the American System designed the Second Bank of the United States” (Shultz, 2014, p. 168). The new bank began in 1816. The start of the bank caused a major economic recession; when it first started it was loose with credit and then suddenly they changed to strict

In 1789 a young man came to America from England with a plan in his head. The plan was a detailed layout for a water-powered spinning machine and the man was Samuel Slater. The introduction of this technology sparked the start of the, eventually, massive textile industry. The textile industry in America was slow moving at first, with failures along the way. However, President Jefferson’s embargo in 1807 allowed the industry to pick up; during the War of 1812 textiles exploded onto the scene. However, these textiles often had poor working conditions, workers led difficult lives, and the technology was still developing. Textile mills would continue to change and grow from their boom in the early 1800s and throughout the 1900s.