Thaddeus Stevens: The Old Commoner

Slave owners including John C. Calhoun, Benjamin Tillman, and Storm Thurmond are all slave owners who took part in the slavery act in Clemson. These men were the leaders of the slave driven act and kept women and men and had them work for free. These men and women did not receive any form of payment and were lucky if they received a piece of bread to eat during this time. During this time, it was very scarce to have food or even water. They would be purchased off a boat and brought to the land to work for free. This today is called slavery and would be illegal unlike back then it was completely normal and okay to hold

Anthony Johnson was one such man that was able to rise from a life of slavery to a life even I would enjoy living. During this time in Virginia, he had to face many pressures both socially and politically; luckily he was able to overcome them both. Slavery was not a bad life for him but not having his freedom was, so he worked very hard to attain it and then worked even harder to make something of himself. Anthony Johnson was able to marry, have a healthy family and still own the land he always wanted. New to the concepts of free blacks existing in early America I was both excited about his being able to escape poverty and disappointed with the fact that he was not well known even in the state he lived in. Simply stated Anthony Johnson established himself in seventeenth century Virginia only to never reap the rewards any white would get in that same situation.

Benjamin Banneker, the son of former slaves, constructed a letter regarding slavery and its primary effects, which is written to Thomas Jefferson during the early 1790s. Throughout this document Banneker’s ultimate goal was not to abolish slavery, but argue against the wrath slavery causes slaves. Throughout Banneker’s work he effectively uses several rhetorical strategies. Such as anaphora, allusions, and pathos over the course of his letter. In doing so, Banneker creates a provocative tone, which will leave an eternal impact not only on Jefferson but the reader.

On Monday July 5th, 1852, Frederick Douglass captivated his audience at Corinthian Hall in Rochester, New York with one of the most powerful antislavery orations ever delivered, “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?”1 As an African American and former slave himself, Douglass was a crucial component to the Civil Rights movement and the abolishment of slavery. His concern for equal rights sprouted as early as twelve years old, often listening to debates among free blacks in Baltimore, as well as becoming a member of the East Baltimore Mental Improvement Society. While enslaved, he taught himself to read and write with the patriotic essays and speeches in Caleb Bingham’s The Columbian Orator, which emphasized the power of a speaker’s

Thomas Jefferson’s relationship with slavery is a complex one. It is, perhaps, ironic to think that someone who owned slaves would be an advocate to end that very same practice. How can Jefferson be hailed as a champion for slave rights because of his opposition to slavery while, at the same time, using other people as property? Although somewhat contradictory at first, the nature of the relationship between Jefferson’s opinions and his attitudes towards slavery will be thoroughly examined in order to understand the means by which he helped fuel a revolution in the context of a society that was so dependent on slavery. In other words, Jefferson was a significant piece of the abolitionist movement, and so that the seeming differences between what he did and what he preaches can be understood, we must also analyze the historical context. By doing so, we find that Jefferson was indeed ahead of the times, although in his own unique way, and the reason why it might have been significant that he was a slaveowner while trying to end the practice.

Benjamin Banneker was a man who felt very strongly about slavery, considering his parents were former slaves. He wrote a well-composed letter to Thomas Jefferson, who was the framer of the Declaration of Independence and secretary of state to the President of the United States, George Washington. He compiled his thoughts, along with reasons why Jefferson should help to abolish slavery. Through referencing Jefferson’s past work, using the bible as a reference, and maintaining a friendly, but firm tone, Banneker was effectively able to argue against slavery in his letter to Thomas Jefferson.

John Locke was a Western philosopher who first published writings regarding natural rights; he laid these rights out to be life, liberty and property. Locke was one of the many 17th century Enlightenment thinkers who influenced people all over Europe and America. Such American Patriots, who were influenced by Locke, used his ideas to stake their claim of independence from Britain. Thomas Jefferson, a Patriot and founding father of America, applied Locke’s ideas of natural rights in his writing of the American Declaration of Independence and his argument against British control of the colonies. One oppressed group in America, the blacks, petitioned Jefferson to use his new position of power in the American government to promote equality in society. Benjamin Banneker, an educated free black living in Maryland, wrote Thomas Jefferson a letter in response to Jefferson’s Notes On The State of Virginia in which Jefferson states his beliefs concerning slavery and race inequality. By elevating Jefferson’s status, manipulating Jefferson’s own arguments and highlighting his own accomplishments, Banneker’s letter helps refute Jefferson’s claims of black inferiority and justification of slavery.

It is said that slavery is a stain on our country’s past. The topic of slavery was and still is a controversy in which equality is a struggle to obtain. However, what occurred in the past created the nation that lives on today. Benjamin Banneker was one man who stood out in the efforts to end slavery. He did so in writing a strongly worded letter to Thomas Jefferson that exclaimed his opinions and feelings. Banneker used an appeal to pathos, repetition, and religious appeals to argue against slavery.

“For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. Is it not astonishing that, while we are ploughing, planting and reaping, using all kinds of mechanical tools, erecting houses, constructing bridges, building ships, working in metals of brass, iron, copper, silver and gold…that, while we are engaged in all manner of enterprises common to other men…we are called upon to prove that we are men!” (Douglass) During his speech, Douglass elaborated on the different aspects of why blacks have a natural right to freedom as any other human being He argued it is wrong to turn a man into a “brute” and proceeded to argue that slavery is not divine in its origin. Douglass’s speech was a calling for equality, for change. He accomplished his goal and proved the fourth of July was a revolting reminder to him and those like him of the continual inhumane cruelty American attempted to conceal through its mockery.

William Lloyd Garrison, a white man from Massachusetts became a part of the anti-slavery movement, or abolitionist movement, in 1830. Right away, William Lloyd Garrison published a weekly paper called the Liberator, which directly stated the need for “immediate and complete emancipation of all slaves.” William Lloyd Garrison saw that the only way that slavery could end was by persuading those who would read his pieces. Garrison realized the only way to prove how bad slavery is, was to show how immoral and unjust it was for there to be slavery in our country. He felt so strongly about his views, e once burned a copy of the Constitution because this documented stated the right to own slaves. Garrisons paper had received very harsh responses and many states wanted to charge against Garrison for a felonious crime and would reward others who found those who distributed his paper. (28a. William Lloyd Garrison and The Liberator) The reason why Garrison had received such severe reactions from people was because of his non-government theories and his idea that the government was a form of compromise, explaining how slavery would not end with compromise. He also wrote in the Liberator and “denounced the Compromise of 1850, condemned the

obedient to the whites. He said if the slaves tried ever to revolt or try to escape they would burn in

Buccola, Nicholas. "Each for All and All for Each: The Liberal Statesmanship of Frederick Douglass." Review of Politics 70.3 (2008): 400-419. Print. The author talks about how Frederick Douglass slavery led him to appreciate human interdependence and reject liberalism. Douglass’s aim was undoubtedly liberal but he thought these aims could only be realized in a community of individuals who felt strongly about one another. The author’s idea is to explore how Douglass faced these challenges and liberal statesmanship.

During the 1840s, America saw increasingly attractive settlements forming between the North and the South. The government tried to keep the industrial north and the agricultural south happy, but eventually the issue of slavery became too big to handle, no matter how many treaties or compromises were formed. Slavery was a huge issue that unraveled throughout many years of American history and was one of the biggest contributors leading up to the Civil War (notes, Fall 2015). Many books have been written over the years about slavery and the brutality of the life that many people endured. In “A Slave No More”, David Blight tells the story about two men, John M. Washington (1838-1918) and Wallace Turnage (1846-1916), struggling during American slavery. Their escape to freedom happened during America’s bloodiest war among many political conflicts, which had been splitting the country apart for many decades. As Blight (2007) describes, “Throughout the Civil War, in thousands of different circumstances, under changing policies and redefinitions of their status, and in the face of social chaos…four million slaves helped to decide what time it would be in American History” (p. 5). Whether it was freedom from a master or overseer, freedom from living as both property and the object of another person’s will, or even freedom to make their own decisions and control their own life, slaves wanted a sense of independence. According to Blight (2007), “The war and the presence of Union armies

One of William Lloyd Garrison’s speeches was spoken in 1854. Garrison was a man who was famous for favoring the abolition of slavery. He gave this address when he wanted to reach out to the people and sway them to end the cruel act of slaveholding. This was during the time when slavery was a huge part of the North and South since they claimed land on the Americas. Garrison did not specifically address anyone in the speech itself, but the general audience had to have been the people of the United States. His antislavery view was one felt strongly about and wanted to create a movement to abolish it. This source can be useful when teaching the history of slavery in the 1800’s. It shows the point of view of not the slave themselves, but movements that people against slavery were trying advocate.

In 1831 William Lloyd Garrison found a newspaper “The Liberator” a very powerful voice for the antislavery movement and in this way he was making powerful enemy for himself. In 1833 Harriet Beecher Stowe had a trip to South by her first trip to South she had a big change on her life by what she saw and it impact on her way of writing. In 1837 John Brown after failing in his business and murder of an antislavery activist he devotes his life to the cause. In 1838 Frederick Douglass run away from slavery and he joined William Lloyd Garrison for an antislavery movement. Douglass became a very powerful public speaker in North with presenting his own personal life story as a slave. Because of his old owner he went to U.K and he experienced a free life. In 1847 he came back to U.S.A and he own an antislavery paper. In that year John Brown met Douglass in Massachusetts and he shared his radical to him to raise army to free the slaves. In 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin. This book changed the heart and mind of Americans through slavery. In 1859 John Brown had a secret meeting with Frederick