The 3d Seismic Survey Of East Godavari Mangrove Area

First of all we located the animals and the plants abundance surrounding the mangroves ecosystem, to determine the population within each site. The materials were then gathered to commence the sampling for the abiotic factors. The measurements of the distribution of all organisms were measured first including the abiotic factors. A 14 metre long transect was made along

Mangrove Forest is another type of ecosystem in South Texas. Mangrove Forests are found along the coast in salty waters and the general abiotic conditions are high salinity flooded soils, low wave energy, high temperatures, and muddy soils. Black Mangrove and Buttonwood are the dominant plant species in South Texas Mangrove Forest ecosystem. Buttonwood is adapted to this ecosystem because it resides inland where there is less salty conditions. Black Mangrove is adapted to sandy salty clay soil and requires protection from wave action and they are sensitive to cold weather. Some common animal species that live in Mangrove Forests are many species of fish, crabs, mollusks, and birds. Mangrove forests provide a habitat, shelter, and nursery to these species that reside in this ecosystem. Mangrove forest serve as a coastal protection from severe storms and hurricanes also help remove pollutants and erosion. The economic importance of Mangrove forest is that they support fisheries, water purification, tourism, and coastal protection. Human activities pose a threat to Mangrove Forests because of the removal of some mangroves, boat waves, oil spills, dredging, draining, and diking.

In contrast to the upheaval of animals in a development area, humans also make efforts to preserve biodiversity and forests by creating wild life

Zonation is the distribution of animals and plants into specific zones according to abiotic factors and characterised by its dominant species [15]. Mangrove zonation is the distinguishable categorisation of a mangrove ecosystem that extends from shore to inland regions. Definitive spatial variation of mangrove species has been recognised amongst different ecosystems worldwide and is accredited as being influenced by abiotic and environmental factors [16]. In Eastern Australia, the majority of mangrove forests may be divided into landward, middle and seaward zones, based off of their placement in relation to tidal position. The following points represent the typical physiognomies characterised by mangroves in their corresponding zones:

The aim is to identify and associate landforms, rock types and soils to the natural environment and its plants and animals and also to investigate the history of the local environment, comprising human impacts over the last 50 years. The impact of human alterations to the environment includes increased soil erosion and changes in river flows.

Ecosystems is the dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment that work together to form a functional unit and they are constantly changing due to the fluctuating equilibrium from natural stress and human action which has had adversarial impacts on ecosystems. This is evident in Minnamurra rainforest as human induced modifications and environmental stresses had resulted in a vulnerable ecosystem. Furthermore, the removal of factors that contribute to the vulnerability of an ecosystem is important as it affect the functioning of the ecosystem as processes are accelerated, biodiversity is decreased which greatly affects humans. Despite the negative effects caused by humans, they have discovered that ecosystems are susceptible from harm caused by natural environmental factors or human impacts and realised the importance of protecting and managing ecosystems therefore have implemented management strategies that are supposed to prevent further detriment and as a consequence may induce resiliency.

Can the most high-tech, compact, thoroughly monitored development still pose an unacceptable risk to the wilderness? In a situation such as this where the natural environment is at a serious risk and the public and decision makers are in a dispute, we must all turn to trained scientists in order to more precisely determine what is at risk and which outcome will serve all parties the best.

First, this mainly due to the fact that O’ahu tree snails have unique colorful shells, and as a result, many people are removing these snails and using them for scientific studies or cases (Kay and Hadfield, 1972). In other words, the snails are being taken away from their natural habitat and kept in laboratories for scientific studies. However, most humans are not aware that they are disturbing their environment and having a negative impact on the overall population of Achatinella mustelina. Moreover, many shell collectors and nature enthusiast in the late 1800s and early 1900s collected these Achatinella mustelina because of their colorful, flamboyant and patterned shells which in return negatively impacted the number of these specimen (Hadfield 1986, Hadfield et al. 1993). For this, shell collectors and nature fanatics have to be aware and appreciative of the impact and effect that wildlife animals have on the environment as well as the ecosystem as a whole. In other words, when human forces disturb a species habitat or environment, they are negatively impacting the ecosystem thus increasing the extinction rate of endangered

There are many organisms living, thriving and surviving off of the mangrove forests. Mangroves are always being affected by natural and unnatural factors that create significant threats to this precious ecosystem (Mangrove Watch, 2016). The natural factors can occur seasonally, annually and periodically, with severe events including cyclones and anything else that affects all biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living)

The plan to protect pygmy sloth habitat on the Isla Escudo de Verguas is to create a team to begin gathering research to develop a Comprehensive Conservation Plan. The research gathered can be from previous research conducted by a variety of scientists. In addition, new data should be collected on the current population of Pygmy sloths in addition to the amount of mangroves on the island. This plan will make sure that the endangered animals on the island are protected and ensure that the refuge management is taking the steps to help recuperate the mangroves that have been cut. The first step would be to gather a team to head the proposal. Some of the team members should be from the refuge management, as well as people who are well informed on the animals that inhabit the island and environmental information. Once the team is built, they will need to gather local fishermen and regular visitors to the island to assess the situation and receive feedback on what they believe to be the largest problems facing the island. With the help from the local fishermen, who are the ones that are cutting down the pygmy sloth habitat, the refuge management team will be able to assess the needs of the fishermen as well as the need of the animals to create a plan of action to better ensure the safety of the island. From this research, the team can create an initial draft of a plan for the next ten or fifteen years. The Comprehensive Conservation Plans should focus on getting data on

The coral reef surveyors were instructed to find the best sites that they believed had the most living coral and were thought to be least affected by human activities. This would allow Hodgson to determine if human activities were having an appreciable effect on the supposed pristine coral reefs, which were distant from urban centers. The invertebrate survey was undertaken at two depth intervals of 3m and 10m. Four 0.5 m wide by 20 m long belts were placed on the coral reef. Over a period of 3-5 minutes the observers counted the number of invertebrates found on the belts. The coral survey was performed, by placing four 20 m long belts on the coral substrate. At 0.5 m intervals the substrate on which the belts were lying was examined and recorded.

The intertidal rocky shore of Caloundra Beach is inhabited by diverse range of biodiversity of animals and plants, many of which have developed high levels of adaptations throughout their existence. The very boundary of marine and terrestrial ecosystem, this environment is subjected to extremes of the physical environment such as temperature, desiccation, wave turbulence as well the ecological interactions that commonly occur in biotic communities (e.g. competition, predation). However Rocky intertidal shores are easily accessible by humans and provide an enjoyable opportunity for passive recreation and for science and environmental education as well.

Abstract: Indian subcontinents were witnessed massive endogenetic movement throughout the past. The Great Himalayan region was witnessed several of magnitudes of tectonic movement. These tectonic movements can make a huge variety in slope changes. Not only this, but also mangrove region is also a geologically sensitive region because of presence

On the 9th of March, I went to Siren’s Rocks to investigate the community pattern, also called zonation, within the bounds of Island Bay’s Wellington Ecological Marine Reserve. The ecosystem of Taputeranga Marine Reserve takes the full impact of the Southern ocean swells. This Reserve is influenced by three different oceanic currents. This is an abiotic factor. The currents impact helps shape the rocky shoreline into the ecological community of different species of shore life into a pattern of different zones (zonation).

Amitav Ghosh presents us Sundarbans which is also known as the tide country, with its complex topography and endangered flora and fauna. This UNESCO world heritage site which comprises the delta region of Padma, Meghna and Brahmaputra river basins, is a unique forest, with its stubborn coastal mangroves. Sundarbans is home to numerous threatened and endangered species of animals, birds and reptiles. A part of Sundarbans is a Reserve area for the famous Royal Bengal Tigers and its brackish water serves as home for the endangered Orcaella too. Such an ecologically rich yet sensitive area is under heavy toll, as it offers