The Adana Massacres: A Brief Summary

Nationalism was strong during the 19th century. The Slavic peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovinia no longer wanted to be a part of the Austria Hungary nation, but a part of Serbia. All the

In the book Indian Killer by Sherman Alexie the readers may have a difficult time identifying who the Indian killer was. The book creates a sense of desperation and peculiar self accomplishment by the killer, although falling short of their ambition. In everyone’s impermanence the killer did not last long after the chaos and sporadic murders in Seattle. In the Indian Killer by Sherman Alexie, John and Marie are both responsible for the killings because of their shared desire to kill a white man.

Document 10 is in favor of Greece for it’s obvious reason that it’s written by the president of the Greek revolutionary government. Mavrocordato’s statement suggests that God aided Greece by sending Europe their way, and then everyone knew that independence was destined to happen. That’s just a theory, but to a Christian commoner this had much value and persuasion to be a part of the revolution. On the flip side, Mustafa III, the Turkish sultan says how he plans to repress Greek raids in Document 2. Because Mustafa III is a sultan, he orders for his governor to abolish the raids in Larissa and to take back stolen good and ransom money because it is his duty to keep his empire from civil disorder. The conquering of Constantinople was the first great Ottoman accomplishment, and therefore the Ottomans must maintain the reputation and vast territory. Document 9 gave an opinion from Vahid Pasha who was a Turkish governor over how the Greeks fought for their independence. He made them sound as if they were not committed to their religion, and that they were fighting for the wrong reasons. Vahid is also Turkish, so the bias is apparent, and it’s not as if he stated any account or true fact, because his entire statement was just based on opinion. These high ranking positions are the parent and voice to their

The Amboyna Massacre occurred in 1623 on the island of Ambon in present day Indonesia where twenty men were executed on the accusation of treason by the hands of the Dutch East India Company. Ten of these men were members of English East India Company who were trading at a post belonging to the Dutch East India Company. The Amboyna Massacre would result in an intensifying feud between the English and the Dutch, and would be a symbol for growing European power throughout the world.

The Armenian Massacre happened in 1894-1896 and the Armenian Genocide happened in 1915-1920 which was caused by the Turkish Government. The Turkish Government’s aim was to remove all the Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire because they were more educated and wealthier then the Turkish population . The Turkish Government was also worried that the Armenians would become allies with Russia, who were a threat to Turkey . They killed and deported the Armenians to prevent this happening. It has been estimated

Nationalism introduced to people who shared a common heritage a sense of identity and the goal of creating a homeland. In 1815, Europe consisted of diverse empires composed of various nationalities. As a result, national groups whom shared a common cultural background aimed to win their own states. Within the diverse Austrian Empire, nationalist leaders tried to unite and achieve independence for their state. In 1804, Karageorge led an independence movement in Serbia. Although the revolt was unsuccessful, it promoted a sense of common identity and led to a revival of Serbian literature and culture. “…I am a nationalist. I aimed to free the Yugoslav. For I am a Yugoslav.”(Document 6.) In 1815, Milos Obrenovic led a more successful revolt. Obrenovic turned to Russia for aid because of a shared language and religion between the two nations. With the aid and support of Russia, Serbia gained autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. As illustrated by Document 7, through nationalism the Austro-Hungarian Empire was divided into the unified nation-states of Italy, Czechoslovak, Austria, Serbia, Hungary, Romania, and

The Armenian massacres of the 1890 's are an important marker in the history of humanitarian aid by the United States. Before this point, American humanitarian aid had been up to small committee efforts thrown together for an individual international crisis. During the 1890 's humanitarian reformers became more organized and elected officials began to look at the role the United States federal government could play in international humanitarian aid. (Wilson 27) At this time Protestant missionaries and Armenian nationals joined forces with former abolitionists, woman suffragists, and newspapermen to bring the condition of the Armenians to the attention of the citizens of the United States.

The United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) was embraced on Dec. 9, 1948. It gives an unmistakable meaning of what is and what is not a genocide. Expressed another route, since 1948, social researchers have had the essential apparatuses to figure out whether genocide has happened. It ought to likewise be called attention to that under the CPPCG, the aim to carry out genocide is itself a wrongdoing, and not only the demonstration of

The Ottoman leaders felt as if their homeland was under threat from the Armenian diaspora. The call for their deportation came as nationalism had risen in the Empire, and leadership changed hands several times. The Ottoman military began rounding up Armenians in 1915 with the intent of deportation, but within weeks over 5,000 had been burned to death, and the massacres had officially begun. (Ani) The

At one point, Mehmed Talaat responded to the problem by sending a coded message to all provincial leaders: ‘I have been advised that in certain areas unburied corpses are still to be seen. I ask you to issue the strictest instructions so that the corpses and their debris in your village are buried.’ But his instructions were generally ignored. Those involved in the mass murder showed little interest in stopping to dig graves. The roadside corpses and emaciated deportees were a shocking sight to foreigners working in Turkey. Eyewitnesses included German government liaisons, American missionaries, and U.S. diplomats stationed in the country. During the Armenian Genocide, the Christian missionaries serving in the Empire were often threatened with death and were unable to help the people. Diplomats from the still neutral United States communicated their blunt assessments of the ongoing government actions. U.S. ambassador to Turkey, Henry Morgenthau, reported to Washington: ‘When the Turkish authorities gave the orders for these deportations, they were merely giving the death warrant to a whole race.” The Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, Russia) responded to news of the massacres by issuing a warning to Turkey: ”the Allied governments announce publicly ’that they will hold all the members of the Ottoman Government, as well as such of their agents as are implicated, personally

This section is about a girl name Anaxandra. She is taken hostage by a foreign country and its ruler, Nicander. The reason Anaxandra is taken hostage is so that her father could reveal where he is hiding his treasure. Anaxandra ends up telling Nicander where the treasure is accidently. This mistake costed her her family’s love. She was abandoned and was forced to go across the sea to live on Nicander’s island. Nicander’s daughter, Callisto, was Anaxandra’s only friend but Castillo sick and unable to get out of bed. One day when Anaxandra on the outskirts of the island, pirates came and raided the island. They killed everyone and and burned the entire country to rubble. The only survivor was Anaxandra because she jumped off a cliff into the

Deep contradictions existed between Russia and Austria-Hungary in the Balkans. Their main reason was the expansion of the Habsburg Monarchy, supported by Germany, to the neighboring South Slavic lands - Bosnia, Herzegovina and Serbia to assert its dominance in the Balkans. Russia, supporting the struggle of the peoples of the Balkan countries for freedom and national independence, considered the Balkans as its sphere of influence.

After the Ottomans lost battles in WWI that were in Russian territory, the Russians started moving into Ottoman territory, which happened to be Armenian territory. The Turks needed someone to blame for their loss and a way to gather assets that were lost in the battle. Instead of accepting responsibility for their ill-conceived invasion plans and the consequential defeat of their armies, the Young Turks placed the blame on the Armenians by accusing them of collaboration with the enemy. Soldiers of the CUP soon started receiving messages to apprehend Armenians and either deport, incarcerate, and/or kill them.

ABC-CLIO writes, “Other ethnic groups dreamed of forming their own homelands” (Unraveling the Causes of World War I). The German unification caused Germany became one of the strongest European countries in Europe. German’s were proud of their military power and industrial leadership. Other ethnic groups, like the French, longed to regain its place of Europe’s leading power. The French were bitter of their loss in the Franco-Prussian war and the German occupation of Alsace and Lorraine. They were eager for revenge against Germany and win back their lost provinces. The Slavs were another ethnic group that dreamed of forming their own homelands. The Balkans had a dream of unifying all of the Slavic states. In 1878, Serbia gained independence from the Ottoman Empire. At that time, Serbia decided to claim to several regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina which were inhabited primarily by Serbs. However, the Congress of Berlin granted permission to Austria-Hungary to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the other disputed Serbian areas. In 1908, Austria-Hungary officially annexed all of Bosnia and Herzegovina, adding more fuel to the fires of Serbian nationalism. So when the Archduke was assassinated in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria reacted quickly, as it was seen as the Empire's last chance to proclaim its superiority in the Balkans. Count Leopold von Berchtold, the Austrian foreign minister was determined to make use of the

The Bosnian Crisis came directly out of this Revolution and led to tensions between powers. The Young Turks, a fairly new political group, had considerable power in the Ottoman Empire and took western ideals and tried to implement them in the Empire. As Ivan Gueshov, the Prime Minister of Bulgaria at the time describes it, “the Young Turkish Committee constitutes the only organized force in Turkey…[that] possesses power enough to impose its will.” The group’s dominant stance on the Empire’s politics allowed it to generate great change in the country’s leadership. The group overthrew the Sultan in power at the time, Abdulhamid II, and replaced him with Mohammed V. They tried to restore the 1876 constitution in the Ottoman empire which had never taken effect in the nation’s politics. They were, “eager to instill among all the various peoples of the Ottoman Empire a sense of Ottoman identity, and thus forestall its further disintegration. The Young Turks were also determined to modernize the Ottoman armed forces.” The effects of this revolution by the Young Turks were felt by people throughout the Balkans, especially by Austria and Russia, who desired control in the Balkans before any of the changes suggested by the Young Turks were implemented in the Ottoman Empire. Austria’s main objective was the overtaking of Bosnia, due to their already established rule over the region in the past. Russia, on the other hand, was focused on gaining control of the Black Sea Straits, as