The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Animal Cloning

Animal cloning is getting popular by scientists day by day after the success of the sheep Dolly which was the first animal clone in the world. Dolly was created effectively by Roslin Instute scientist in Edinburgh (TechNyou) and she was euthanized when she was six year old due to a virus-induced lung tumour (Mott M., 2004). Even though the relevant scientists report that there is no evidence that cloning might be the cause of the disease of Dolly (Mott M., 2004), most of the scientists agree that cloning animals cannot be

There have been recent studies on animals where the scientist cloned the animals. Cloning is something many people are split on. Some say it is bad some say it is good. I think cloning is a bad thing. Cloning can be a bad thing in many ways. I will be covering some of those ways in this paper.

Animal cloning started without the world even knowing. First, an animal clone is “an exact physical copy of one ‘parent’” (Newman 12). “Animal cloning experiments began in the 1960’s. Frogs were the first subjects. By 1987 scientists had begun cloning cows and other mammals” (Newman 12). Dolly the sheep was the first big cloning success, credited to Ian Wilmut in 1996 (Praded 21). This sheep was a scientific breakthrough, but it also caused many people to question the intents of scientists. Many people wondered if scientists would clone humans next. The original intent of animal cloning was not for the food industry. The reason animal cloning started was to find a way to help cure currently untreatable diseases (“Why Do Scientists Clone?”). By cloning cells, scientists will be able to manipulate the cells to become something new.

There are many arguments against cloning. Leon R. Kass bases his argument on repugnance in his article The Wisdom of Repugnance. He is a well-known physician, educator and scientist. Kass perceives cloning as offensive, grotesque revolting, repulsive and wrong. To establish his argument he states, “Most people recoil from the prospect of mass production or human being, with large clones of look-alikes, compromised in their individuality.”1 His rationale is cloning is unnatural, because it is asexual and requires only one parent. Kass believes that cloning turns natural procreation into a manufactured process, which is not natural or moral. In his essay he also points out that cloning will also change the way we see ourselves through our

A genetically engineered animal is one that contains altered genetic material to give the animal new traits or characteristics. There are many animals that have been genetically modified for example, mice, pigs, cows and sheep are just a few of the animals they experiment on. Most genetic engineering is directed toward providing more benefits to our society which can be ethically contentious. In reproductive cloning (animal cloning) researchers remove a mature skin cell from the animal that they want to copy then, they transfer it into a egg that has removed its DNA-containing nucleus. The clones are superior breeding animals that will produce healthier offspring. There is both upsides and downsides to genetic engineering and animal cloning. In the United States animal cloning is regulated by the FDA or, Food and Drug Administration and for the most part is not considered to be illegal. There are also close to no laws regulating genetic engineering in animals in the United States.

For starters, cloning has said to solve the continuous problem of infertility by inserting a clone embryo into the woman’s body. This guarantees infertile couples a child, as opposed to wasting time and money on other painful and emotional procedures that don’t offer this guarantee. The next benefit offers an immense amount of growth in regenerative medicine and assists those with physical disabilities by producing clones of themselves. Why clone themselves if they have a disability? Scientists can use cells from the embryo to customize the regeneration of the new organ, tissue, or body part. As far as cloning an organ goes, this benefits the millions of people who acquired a disease with no cure. For example, diseases such as Alzheimer’s,

Cloning is a number of processes that are used to create genetically identical copies of an organism. Researchers have cloned a number of biological materials, such as genes, cells, tissues and whole organisms, including sheep 's and horses. Cloning can happen naturally in identical twins, but it can also be done in a lab. ("Cloning Fact Sheet").

According to Kathleen R. Brooks and Jayson L. Lusk (2011) Animal cloning is a process in which scientists can copy the genetic or inherited traits of an animal.

In this age with rampant population growth and an agricultural industry unprepared to meet future demand, many in the industry and scientists in the field have discussed cloning cattle to meet these food demands. Concerns include whether cloned offspring and in turn their produce are safe and meet industry standards, whether the process treats animals inhumanely, the demands of the agricultural industry, the price of cloned produce and the long-term viability of such a method.

When examining how human cloning can increase reproductive freedom, we must first look at what a clone is by definition. “Clone” in its verb tense means to make an identical copy of or in biochemistry, to replicate a fragment of DNA placed in an organism so that there is enough to analyze or use in protein production. This process can be performed for many different uses such as being used to grow in labs, embryotic treatments, genetic screening, anti-aging processes, and reproduction. It is important to note that “human cloning” of embryos will not produce an exact copy of an individual. Rather, it will replicate the same genotype to create a different individual human. ***As a reliable background, in this paper, I will be consistently referencing two main scientific articles. The first is from John Harris, a professor in the Institute of Medicine, Law, and Bioethics at the University of Manchester. His article “Goodbye Dolly” focuses on the nature and practicality of cloning. The other research article is by Alix Magney, a lecturer at the several universities who focuses on bioethics and medical health professionals, and highlights the investigations of the negative impacts of human cloning.

animal using this kind of process. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) prevents the loss of animals and helps us to have more and more kind of animals. This technique has been hoping to contribute expansively to the farm animal handiwork industry and preservation of priceless genetic origin. It is usually applied in farm animals like cow and etc. Nuclear transfer can create a numerous number of copy of the very best farm animal. We still can identify the prototype and the cloned because of the differences of their characteristics but still it is now the new generation of the original one. We may expect that somatic cell clone technology will soon become applicable to humans, which we will wait a lot of time to discover. There are risks in

As mentioned earlier Dolly is the most famous of the cloned organisms, but there were many before and after her. In 1952 a tadpole was cloned, the first clone ever. (Human Genome Project) Dolly was the first mammal ever cloned. After Dolly other animals such as sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a guar have been cloned. Some animals are more resistant to the procedure used for cloning. The process used is called somatic cell nuclear transfer. This process is used to create an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another animal. They are not identical in the strictest sense the mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA comes from the egg. The “acquired mutations found in the mitochondrial DNA are believed to play an important role in the aging process.”(Human Genome Project) The process starts by removing all the genetic information from an unfertilized egg with an extremely small needle. Then an adult cell is taken from the donor. The genetic material is removed from the cell and implanted in the now empty embryo. Then the cell is treated with chemicals or an electric current to cause it to start to divide. Once it reaches a certain size it is implanted into a host uterus where it

Cloning has been one of the most widely discussed and controversial scientific topics in the past decade. Cloning has been applied in many fields including the creation of new breeds of plants and animals. However, the cloning of plants has been practiced for hundreds of years. Cloning can be done on a larger level in animals and has potential benefits. The general process of cloning is to take one cell from the parent making the offspring and parent genetically identical (Tsunoda and Kato, 158-161). In addition by making completely identical cells, we can apply different treatments to different clones to see if they react in different ways. The potential benefits of cloning out way the consequences of cloning. In this paper I will first elaborate on microorganisms. Then I will talk about plants, animal and human cloning, and the controversies in cloning.

The first idea of cloning began in 1938, when scientist Hans Spemann had the idea to replace the nucleus of an egg with the nucleus of another cell. Mr. Spemann did this in an attempt to grow a new embryo; however, the experiment was unsuccessful (Copernicus Science Centre). A successful attempt in the field of cloning did not occur until the 1970’s when Scientist John B. Gurdon successfully cloned a frog. However, each clone did not survive passed the stage of a tadpole. Scientist Gurdon was questioned by the public as to whether or not his practices were morally and ethically correct, especially since he was unable to successfully clone a mammal. (Copernicus Science Centre). The cloning of a mammal was not successful until 1997 when the

A better knowledge of these impacts can be obtained by discussing the good and bad of animal cloning. One application of the cloning technique is by cloning genetically modified animals, so that their cells and organs can be transplanted into humans. Thousands of patients die as a result of the unavailability of human organs for transplantations and this cloning technique could potentially be a solution within the medical