The Adventure Of Hajibaba Of Ispahan

In his essay “The Concept of Discourse Community,” John Swales, an educator and researcher, establish the definition of a discourse community. He argues that there is a difference between a speech community and a discourse community. According to John Swales, there are six defining characteristics for a group to be a discourse community. He then gives an example and discusses further issues regarding the concept of a discourse community. While the purpose of this essay is to acknowledge the readers about the characteristics of the discourse community with some explaination about each characteristics. He also establishes a formal tone to the readers. This work is significant because it provides some usefull information about discourse community so that the readers can know which discourse community they belongs to.

Lamberts (1998) considers that the purpose of literary translation is to meet a need in the literary

In Rios’s essay, he describes the ambiguity of language and its significance to translations. At the very beginning of the essay, Rios claimed that English is proved to have tenser vowels than other languages such as Spanish. Since the pronunciations of languages are different, the author claims that “the body itself speaks a language differently. Therefore, moving from one language to another is more than translating words; it is getting the body ready as well.” Rios means language is so important that in changing from different language our bodies change as well. The author himself would know, since his first language is Spanish but often speaks English.

Problem areas with translations: Weights, measures, money. Euphemisms. Vocabulary. Wordplays. Grammar and Syntax. Matters of Gender.

The purpose of this research is to discover which of the four strategies suggested by Baker (1992), used in translating idioms and idiomatic expressions from English into Persian in a Novel titled “Kite Runner”. This chapter deals with methodology, which is the materials chosen for the analysis, the instrumentation, the procedures adopted to collect data, design of the study and data analysis.

The understanding of the literacy for the reader is important so they become aware of the relationship between language and power. The reader must be able to evaluate what they had read and reflect on what they’ve learned from it. As for the awareness of the rhetorical situation for the the composer of the writing is important as well so they are able to to write in a manner that is unique to them and is also an effective way of conveying their message to their audience.

He can understand a range of complex structures in extended discourse and comprehend many distinctions in language tailored for different audiences.The student often shows strategic and organizational abilities and expectations in discourse. Mr. Chanberland can adap his vocabulary according to his audience. He can use the language to speculate at length about abstract topics such as how some change in history or the course of human events

When performing a rhetorical analysis of a writing, the reader is identifying: the situation, the writer’s purpose, the writer’s claims, and the writer’s audience. These are questions that reader must ask if he or she wants to understand and converse with the author’s statements. To identify each specific step of a rhetorical analysis the reader will have to ask him or herself a series of questions. For identifying: the situation ask “what is the writer's motivation?”; the writer’s purpose, “what is the writer wanting to reader to think about?”; the writer’s claim, “What is the writer’s main and minor claim?”; and the writer’s audience, “who is the author’s intended reader?”.

Discourses are the “social and cultural practices through which individuals and groups use language to establish their identities…they provide ways of being, thinking, acting and using language so that people can identify themselves in social and cultural networks” Discourses affect peoples views on all things, for example, two different

The main aim of the present research is to study how Pragmatics works as a torch in the appreciation of literature. Pragmatics is associated with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker and interpreted by a listener. This type of study necessarily involves the interpretation of what people mean in a particular context and how the context influences what is said. It requires a consideration of how the speakers organize what they want to say and under what circumstances. It also focuses on the social, political and ethical aspects of

An author writes a book with an intended message. Translators convey the same message, but possess the freedom of open interpretation. Therefore, possessing the power to affect and change the reader’s response. Langdon conveys feelings of sentiment and sorrow for these creatures; however, Neff remains cold and apprehensive towards them.

Over the course of Discourse Analysis I, I have learned a great deal that I believe will benefit me both in future classes and as an interpreter.

Some linguists claim that dealing with the process of finding equivalence is the most significant issue existing among translation processes and that is one of the mains principles of Western theory of translation. Translation is a mean of communication and in order for it to be effective it is crucial to establish appropriate equivalence between source and target text. Nida defines translation as “reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”. (Nida, 1982, p. 12) It is conspicuous that equivalence is one of basic concepts of translation which cannot be overlooked. This complex phenomenon often becomes a measure which helps to define the process of translation. Number of researches stress on the important role of the equivalence for the translation process and it is hard to hard to overestimate the role of equivalence in translation. Use of equivalence translation help people to understand each other and enables achieving communication goals. Achieving maximum linguistic, grammar and structural equivalence is inevitably linked with certain restrictions and limitations but the skilful use of equivalents can undoubtedly benefit the results of translation act. Despite different approaches, the equivalence is an important

Mirza Hadi Mohammad Ruswa, one of the best Urdu prose writers of all time wrote Umrao Jan Ada reflecting ‘the social milieu of the Muslim society in Northern India in the nineteenth century’. The original Urdu text exudes chaste and elegant Urdu of the 19th century Lucknowi society and captures a life-like picture of the socio-cultural ambience of the time. In order to forge the theoretical foundation, this paper attempts a definition of translation vis a vis traces the history of translation along with changing status of translation and translator today. Issues in translation in general are also discussed and such issues are applied to the text under study. The objective of the paper is to shed light on the issues that surface in the translation of Khushwant Singh’s Umrao Jan Ada. Translation issues such as verbal equivalents, culture, language, decoding and recoding, fidelity and untranslatability are discussed and analysed in this paper for a proper understanding of Khushwant Singh’s translation of Umrao Jan Ada. This paper adopted the method of close textual analysis of both the Source Text (ST) and Target Text (TT) along with application of various translation theories. The translational issues emanating from the texts are discussed and analysed in the light of various theories.

The second half of the last century have seen a great advance in translation field ( translation studies discipline ). Which make many translation scholars emphasis on the importantce of knowing the translation theory for the translators since the translation studies become a discipline.Mona Baker stats”