The African Of African Diaspora

African slaves were shipped to the West Indies and America as part of the Triangular Trade. Many slaves died on the voyage due to the ghastly conditions that accompanied the Middle Passage and others committed suicide. Portugal held a near monopoly on the export of African slaves for a period of about 200 years from the early 14-1600s. The peak years of the slave trade were during the 16th and 17th century, but Africans were forced across the Atlantic for an astonishing timeframe of around 400 years.

Chapter 4, Transatlantic Moment, of Reversing Sail by Michael Gomez was extremely intriguing. As the saying goes numbers never lie. The statistical aspect provided by Gomez of the transatlantic movement was effective in altering my perception of the transatlantic movement as a whole. As the text states the scholarly consensus is that approximately 11.9 million Africans were exported from Africa. Only 9.6 to 10.8 millions arrived alive to America, meaning 10 to 20 percent was loss during the Middle Passage. These numbers show how extensive and outrageous the transatlantic movement was. These numbers represent people with established lives, who were kidnapped and put into forced labor. As Gomez stated serval times and how I now view, the transatlantic

The Slave Ship by Marcus Rediker is a great fiction novel that describes the horrifying experiences of Africans, seamen, and captains on their journey through the Middle Passage. The Middle Passage marked the water way in the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and the Americas. The use of slaves provided a great economy for the European countries due to the fact that these African slaves provided free labor while cultivating sugar cane in the Caribbean and America. Rediker describes the slave migration by saying, “There exists no account of the mechanism for history’s greatest forced migration, which was in many ways the key to an entire phase of globalization” (10). This tells us that African enslavement to the Americas causes a complete

12.5 million Africans were shipped to the New World. 10.7 million survived the dreaded Middle Passage, disembarking in North America, the Caribbean and South America.

“The Slave Ship: A Human History” written by Marcus Rediker describes the horrifying experiences of Africans, and captains, and ship crewmen on their journey through the Middle Passage, the water way in the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and the Americas. The use of slaves to cultivate crops in the Caribbean and America offered a great economy for the European countries by providing “free” labor and provided immense wealth for the Europeans. Rediker describes the slave migration by saying, “There exists no account of the mechanism for history’s greatest forced migration, which was in many ways the key to an entire phase of globalization” (10). African enslavement to the Americas is the most prominent reason for a complete shift in the

Adult freedmen were forced to sign contracts with their employers, who were often their past owners. These contracts kept African Americans from working for multiple employers, and therefore from positively impacting the exceptionally low wages or shoddy working conditions. Following new “apprenticeship” laws determined in the black codes, judges bound numerous young African American orphans to white plantation owners who would force them to

The Transatlantic transition for Africans to the New World was horrific. They were forced to partake in the march to the sea to start their journey on the sea voyage that would bring about a new lifestyle. It was stated that this journey represented modernity itself. The European’s power and expansion prospered which eventually lead many people of the working class from different cultures and homelands coming to the Americas to give their contribution, but it was the enslaved Africans hard labor that paved the way for the others. In the chapter Enslavement, Brazil and Portuguese was considered the starting point with having the largest amount of slaves. Soon after many of the slaves from Brazil were transported to islands such as Barbados,

All through the African Slave Trade there have been numerous huge occasions that happened amid 1450-1850. Three of which I will be expounding on in this theme. The center section was the first key occasion in which Africans were sent to the New World. The slave treatment and resistance of African men and ladies who were viewed as not as much as human was the second key occasion. The Fugitive Slave Law which permitted recover of slaves was the third key occasion. An expected 12 million Africans were transported over the Atlantic toward the Western Hemisphere from 1450 to 1850. Of this number, around five percent were conveyed to British North America and, later, to the United States, the greater part of them landing somewhere around 1680 and 1810. A little number of Africans went first to the British West Indies and afterward to North America.

To get from Africa to the West Indies the slaves had to go through the " middle passage". The middle passage was where whites forced African Americans to board a boat and go to America where they would be sold in auctions. So many slaves being forced to the middle passage resulted in the largest forced migration in U.S. history.

For many years African slaves were traded, mistreated, and killed innocently. Two events in which Africans were involved in slave trade were the Triangular Trade & the Middle Passage. The Middle Passage, the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World. It was a route from the Triangular Trade that took goods (including knives, guns, ammunition, and cotton) from Europe to Africa, Africans to work as slaves in the Americas and West Indies, and items, mostly raw materials, produced on the plantations (sugar, rice, tobacco, and indigo back to Europe. From the mid-19th century, millions of African men, women, and children made the 21-to-90-day voyage aboard grossly overcrowded sailing ships manned by crews mostly

Unfortunate Africans from different countries, ethnic, and cultural, was taken from their homeland. The Middle Passage took the enslaved Africans placed them in pairs handcuffs, leg shackles, and leg irons. The cargo ships were pledged, with the dangerous disease, seasickness, and overcrowded Africans. Therefore the Africans were taken across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. Once there they were sold and later work on the European-owned plantations.

Reflecting back on our reading “nature and spirit, Creator and Creation are viewed as a unified reality in African cosmology, thus providing an important foundation for African Spirituality. It is the freedom of God to be God, to continually create and transform reality, that gave hope to African slaves as they struggled to make sense of a life of forced oppression and dehumanization. As Africans in the American Diaspora were able to hear and find meaning in biblical concepts, they were able to build up on the African Spirituality that they had internalized and transmitted orally in order to survive the horrors of the American scene. By now as African-Americans, they could steal away and establish their own form

The people that are one of the most oppressed and restricted throughout recent history, if not the most, are considered to be the those of African descent. There was, and arguably, still is institutionalized racism against people of African descent in the Americas, with a prime example being the peculiar institution of slavery. This institution was so peculiar that, in many countries, the long, entire process of capturing, enslaving, and forcing of people to work, primarily those that were of African descent, became so profitable and efficient that slavery became the backbone of an entire country in terms of labor, such as the United States. Naturally, of course, there was always a constant resistance to this oppression, no matter where the enslaved people were, or under which circumstances they were subject to. The Africans that were brought to the Americas as captives by Europeans would resist against their captors in different ways, and so would their descendants, until they were liberated.

According to (Harris 2001), "the importance of the historical Diaspora was that Africans like other people have traveled abroad as free people, settled down and made important contributions to many Europeans and Asian countries. " The Historical Diaspora was mainly the dispersion of Africans in the world and their settlements. They maintained a consciousness of Africa and their Identity while adapting and making positive contributions to their adopted homelands. This made them create an identity of who they want to be because in the historical Diaspora there was "free fluidity" and that enabled them to do whatever they wanted for that reason there was no constraints. Prior to when the Europeans conducted slave trade, Arabs conducted a slave trade across the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea taking Africans to Arabia, India and the Far East.

Some five hundred years ago, ships began transporting millions of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. This massive population movement helped create the African Diaspora in the New World. Many did not survive the horrible ocean journey. Enslaved Africans represented many different peoples, each with distinct cultures, religions, and languages. Most originated from the coast or the interior of West Africa, between present-day Senegal and Angola. Other enslaved peoples originally came from Madagascar and Tanzania in East Africa