The All Sky Survey

The MACHO Project is a collaboration between scientists at the Mt. Stromlo & Siding Spring Observatories, the Center for Particle Astrophysics at the Santa Barbara, San Diego, & Berkeley campuses of the University of California, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Their primary aim is to test the hypothesis that a significant fraction of the dark matter in the halo of the Milky Way is made up of objects like brown dwarfs or planets: these objects have come to be known as MACHOs, for MAssive Compact Halo Objects. The signature of these objects is the occasional amplification of the light from extragalactic stars by the gravitational lens effect. The amplification can be large, but events are extremely rare: it is necessary to monitor photometrically several million stars for a period of years in order to obtain a useful detection rate. For this purpose they must have built a two-channel system that employs eight CCDs, mounted on the 50 inch telescope at Mt. Stromlo. The high data rate (several GBytes per night) is

R* is the average rate of formation for suitable stars. A suitable star must have an appropriate temperature (i.e. not too hot or cold). It is possible to use the average rate for the galaxy. This can get a bit hazy, as the

Curtis correctly noted that spectral lines could be seen within the spiral nebulae, and that they were generally consistent with the nebulae in the form of large assembled star clusters. These clusters supported Curtis's argument that these were in fact stellar systems, which are comparable to our Milky Way

2008, hereafter Paper I). Par 1802, as a member of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC; Hillenbrand 1997), is considered to have an age of ∼1 Myr (Paper I). A follow-up analysis which included the radial velocity curves and the IC -band light curve found the components’ masses to be equal to within ∼2%, but their radii and effective temperatures to differ by ∼5–10% (Stassun et al. 2008, hereafter Paper II). They suggest that these disparate radii and temperatures are the result of a difference in age of a few hundred thousand

Simulations of galaxy formation based on the Lambda Cold Dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model predict that a large galaxy such as the Milky Way should have many (~ 200) dwarf satellite galaxies. However, only about 20 or 30 have been identified. Where are the rest? Warm dark matter, constituting of sterile neutrinos, is lighter and since dwarf galaxies consisting mainly of dark matter are so difficult to find by visible light, there could be enough of them to reconcile the large number of dwarf galaxies that simulations predict to exist with the small number actually observed. We are looking for a weak unidentified emission line at E = (3.55−3.57) ±0.03 keV in a stacked XMM-Newton spectrum of Dwarf galaxies, which are the satellite galaxies of our Milky Way.

“Active galactic nuclei” are objects occupying the center of many galaxies that consist of an accreting supermassive black hole and are some of the most luminous and powerful bodies in our known Universe. In the galactic-BH accretion process, gaseous matter from the galaxy is pulled into the black hole and is converted to into radiation that is then released radially outward into the host galaxy. Due to the rapid-fire accretion onto the Supermassive Black Hole, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) can emit radiation into their host galaxies that span much of the electromagnetic spectrum from X-rays, IR, UV, and radio waves. Researchers have organized AGN into groups based on their

NASA's Hubble Telescope has seemingly maxed out. Recently, an international group of astronomers have measured the distance to the most remote galaxy ever observed. It what is known as GN-Z11, this galaxy is one of the first galaxies to form. Its existence can be traced as early as 400 million years after the Big Bang. Knowing this brings astronomers one step closer to finding out how to the universe was created. In other words, they may have just found God.

The first experiment was the process of plotting the HR diagram for the Pleiades cluster. This was done by using V-B apparent magnitudes and the main sequence stars. In comparison they show a similar pattern, but with a high luminosity. Although, the stars are plotted in about the same distance the stars have variations

The study of 11,000 galaxies shows their gas -- the lifeblood for star formation -- is being violently stripped away on a widespread scale throughout the local Universe.

*What is a galaxy? According to Nasa.gov, a galaxy “is a huge collection of gas, dust and billions of stars and their solar systems”, (Site 1). Everything that makes up a galaxy is supported through gravity and they can contain somewhere around a million stars and can range from a few thousand to a couple hundred thousand light years across. The website CoolCosmos.edu states that galaxies can either be found alone, in pairs or in large groups called clusters. They also say that galaxies can be broken down into three basic types: spirals, elliptical and irregular, (Site 2).

Since the beginning of time, man has looked up to the stars and reveled in its beauty, believing that only gods can be responsible for creating such a beautiful night time sky. For centuries humans have grappled with questions relating to the sky and our place as humans in the cosmos. In today’s modern age, it seems that most of us (myself included) forget to look up and appreciate nature’s mysterious beauty. For this reason, I chose the most beautiful and mysterious place in the sky to do my research on, the Carina Nebula. The Carina Nebula takes up a vast amount of space and is home to thousands of stars that are both young and old that can offer new information to us about stars. This nebula not only holds secrets that still puzzle astronomers to this day, but also offers us answers that we thought we might have never gotten.

As human observation improves more questions are answered and some answers are improved. Astronomers first talked about spiral nebulae in the Milky Way

The fact that this galaxy cluster was not identified by \textit{ROSAT} as a cluster suggests that there may be a hidden population of galaxy clusters hosting extreme central galaxies (i.e. starbursts and/or QSOs). Table~\ref{table::keyvalue} shows the key properties of both PKS1343-341 which are derived in this work ($R_{500}, M_{500}, M_{\rm{gas},500}, T_x, L_x, t_{\rm{cool},0}, \rm{SFR}$) and other similar clusters, including Abell 1795 (a strong cool core cluster) and 3C 186 (a quasar-mode cluster).

NGC 1672, a barred spiral galaxy located in the direction of the southern constellation Dorado lies more than 60 million light-years away. This is a spiral galaxy that’s composed of stars in a central bar-shaped design. NGC 1672 is a member of the Seyfert galaxy, which was named after famous astronomer, Carl Keenan Seyfert, who extensively studied galaxies with active nuclei in the 1940s. In the middle of NGC 1672’s galaxy, it contains a high surface brightness bar from which four wire-like spiral arms extend outwards. This galaxy’s symmetrical look is mainly formed by the four extending arms of which are bordered with the most spectacular dust lines that extend out from the center. Unlike the normal galaxies, NGC 1672’s arms do not fully spiral all the way to the center. The arms are actually connected to both ends of a linear-like bar of stars encompassing the nucleus. In fact, the arms extending from the middle of this galaxy is the main reason I was drawn to this image. The arms with the beautiful pinkish purple rays look like an Eastern Redbud blossoming in the months of April-May, which have always caught my eye since I was a little kid. Visible from the Southern Hemisphere, NGC 1672 shows extraordinary regions of star formations. Near the edges of this galaxy’s galactic bar, the greatest clustering of star formations can be found. The picture taken of NGC 1672 above was photographed with Hubble’s Advanced Camera for a survey in August of 2005. This image is composed

In their findings (Leiner et al., 1997), conception of "Galactic Network” was put forward by J.C.R.