The Altar Of Zeus From Pergamon

The victors were the classical Greek pantheon, also called Homeric (for its portrayal in Homer' Iliad) or Olympian (for Mt. Olympus, home of the gods). The Olympian gods grew large in the imagination of the Greeks and came to rule over religious worship. So powerful and at the same time so vulnerable to human weaknesses, they regulated the fortunes and the lives of those they both loved and hated. Splendid, magnificent, each one with its own character, they became objects of worship for many centuries.

In ancient Greece, around 500 B.C.E, the culture was revolving around gods and goddesses. The lifestyles and actions of the people of Greece had an interdependence with the common belief of Hellenism. By understanding that many Greeks looked to their gods and goddesses in most aspects of their life, we can better understand how Greek culture worked as a whole. This can be seen specifically in Athens Greece. In Athens they looked to the Goddess Athena in particular because she was their patron Goddess. During this time a sculptor, named Phidias, sculpted a grand statue called the Athena Parthenos. The Athena Parthenos was viewed as an actual incarnation of the Goddess Athena, and symbolize victory in wars that ultimately create peace and harmony.

Zeus, the god of the sky, ruler of the olympian gods, filler of Gaia’s' prophecy, “supreme deity in Greek religion”, (Cartwright, 2013), was a very mighty god as well as a big lothario. Zeus liked reverence, respect and morality and punished all who were impious and blasphemous, which is strange since he had forty some children or more from many women, which didn’t demonstrate much respect to his wife Hera. Zeus had many symbols such as the thunderbolt, sceptre, eagle, oak tree, and the aegis, all of which have a story behind them. The famous thunderbolt which Zeus is known for, represents ruling over the elements and was a gift given by the cyclops and turned into his major weapon which is retrieved by the eagle (which represented his ruling over the sky). The aegis was “forged by the Cyclopes in Hephaestus’ forge” (Karas, 2017), which is thought to be animal skin and offers protection to a god. The oak tree represents religion which is what Zeus stands for since he was the main god in ancient times. Lastly the sceptre represented Zeus being a ruler of the gods.

Pentelic marble is used in sculptures as well as architecture. (Seth) The figure is 21 inches tall, 3115/16 inches long. (Art) The object is meant to be viewed from the front. In this piece of sculpture, we see a muscular barrel-chested Greek man centered in the middle with a larger rounded shield next to him, while his right arm placed behind his squared faced head. His full chest muscles carefully polished smoothly and delicately. Based on the warrior’s sinking pose, it has been thought that he is falling to the ground after dealing a mortal blow from behind. The strong, solid linear of the large geometric rounded shield is in contrast to the serpentine, subtle and smooth lines appear on this organic body figure of the warrior. It appears as though the sculpture itself is not painted for the most

The artwork I chose for the Classical Greece period is the Erechtheion, an architectural building interestingly using six maidens as support columns. Through studies of the architectural history of this piece, Michael Lahanas suggests that the temple was constructed as “a complex design that supposed to represent the legendary contest between Poseidon and Athena for guardianship of the city of Athens” (Lahanas). The relationship between the art and the culture of the related civilization depicts through its purpose as a temple. Some articles suggest that the temple was a place where worship occurred for both Poseidon and Athena; the structure

Its architecture has Greek form with a high structure of marble that shows off a large frieze portraying an epic battle on the base’s walls. The cracked figures on the frieze fight violently against each other, and even with the test of time, their features are descriptive and their faces show much varied expression. The most impressive part of the Altar of Zeus is the sculptural frieze depicting the struggle of the gods and the giants. It is clear on the altar’s frieze’s that the artist/sculpture of the alter worked towards a natural view of the characters on them, borrowed from the classical period but sculpted them to be in more of realistic portrayal. The construction of a frieze seemed to be a fairly popular architectural enhancement at the time; this outer frieze is one of the most famous. The sculpted figures on it create a new height of Greek realistic representations and architecture in modeling, composition, and expression of emotion. The emotions of the figures are one of the aesthetics that makes the frieze so unique and beautiful. As the battle scene is unified; the winning and losing sides are clearly cut. The artist makes the battle and its characters easily perceivable. The look of suffering in defeat is on all the giants’ twisted faces. Drastically opposite is Zeus and his fellow gods who are seen as completely expressionless. The overall style of the frieze is very intense, to say the

The desire for power is a common struggle in both the human world and Ancient Greek myth. Hesiod’s Theogony is a classic piece of Greek literature that details the history and stories of Greek myth, including the relationship between the gods Ouranos, Kronos, and Zeus. Many humans are able to attain power by simply working towards their goals, while others often resort to betrayal. The only way a Greek god can rise to power is by overthrowing their predecessors. The battle between established gods and aspiring rulers exists because of their immortality. Since a Greek god cannot be killed, violent attacks are planned in order to take their power. The struggle between each of these generations constructs much of the Theogony related to power.

The marble statue of Diadoumenos is a copy of the original bronze statue displaying a young man tying a fillet around his head. The original was created in c.a. 430 B.C. by a man called Polykleitos of Argos. Polykleitos was a Greek sculptor who worked during the mid-fifth century B.C. . he was one of the most famous artists of the ancient world. Polykleitos' figures are carefully designed with special attention to bodily proportions and stance. The statue of Diadoumenos has its thorax and pelvis tilt in opposite directions, setting up rythmic contrasts in the torso that create an impression of organic vitality. The position of the feet, (poised between walking and standing), give a sense of potential movement.

The most powerful weapon known to the Greeks was Poseidon’s earthquakes. There are many gods in Greek mythology that are talked about in lots of stories and movies such as Zeus, Poseidon, and Athena.

The narratives and stories in ancient Greek artifacts revolved primarily around Greek Mythology. This is epitomized in relief sculptures on the Treasury of the Siphnians and the Great Altar at Pergamon, which depict the Battle of the Gods or Titanomachy from Greek mythology. Real life events were also portrayed although often embellished in myth. For instance, the vase created by Exekias and the sculpture of Laocoon and his sons both depict mythologized elements from the Trojan War. Eventually the Greeks turned away from the heroic to the everyday. For example, the floor mosaic of Alexander the Great confronting Darius II at the battle of Issos tells the narrative of an actual historical event.

In the book Greek Religion by Walter Burkert, Walter offered some insight into the nature of the Greek religious tradition informing the ancient Greek mind in the pre-historical era. He reconstructed the central traditions surrounds the ancient Greek pantheon, including the chief god, Zeus. The picture shown above is a figure of Zeus by looking at the thunderbolt that matches the myths about those. As Burkert stated in his article, “Zeus is the world as a whole, and especially the thinking fire which pervades everything, forms everything, and holds everything in limits”. Based on my understanding, Zeus has a high identity in Greek religion whereas the body image of the Zeus on the vase does not match the typical hero body image. As we recalled

First century Rome dripped with statues and temples in honor of the gods, and Pergamum was no different in its worshipping practices (28). Antipas confirms his devotion to the gods in his first letter by introducing himself as “worshiper of Jupiter, Zeus Olympus the savior” (19). This is hardly the only mention of the gods surrounding Pergamum and its religious practices. According to Antipas, Pergamum is an impressive city housing the “most spectacular sacred and royal buildings” and a “great altar of Zeus” (28).  During this time, as Pergamum’s status rose quickly among surrounding countries, its collection of temples, idols, and games also soared.

Agrippa, Augustus’ right-hand man, constructed this building as a temple to all the gods; however, a fire destroyed this temple in 80 CE and so Domitian built the reconstruction. The Pantheon we are familiar with has a significantly different design than the original one, and this is why this specific temple is so dislike to the rest of the Roman temples. Before it was burnt, the Pantheon stood in a podium at the end of a large rectangular court. The surroundings of this temple have changed in order to provide a unique experience to its visitors. For example, the temple has en enormous dome with a 27-foot oculus that opens to the sky. This oculus lets a shaft of light come through creating an emphasis wherever the reflection is. Visitors were driven nowhere but to the light at the center of the dome. This building was built for greeting foreign embassies, adjudicating disputes and hold court (Janson). Moreover, the Pantheon is extraordinary because of the potential and strength of concrete. Some other materials used in the process of building the temple include travertine, tufa, brick, and pumice. These materials varied in order to reduce its weight. The colored marble on the wall symbolized imperial authority. The sphere is though to symbolize eternity and perfection and the bronze panels symbolized a starry night sky.

power of Zeus as being the foremost, unbeatable power. This is quoted in the text as, "power that neither sleep, the

There are seven most remarkable structures of ancient times and I’m going to write about four out of the seven. The statue of Zeus, which was created in 432 B.C., by Phidius, the lighthouse Of Alexandria that was created by Sostratus in 290 B.C. and took 20 years to complete. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus that was first created in 800 B.C. by Croesus and the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus that was built around 353 and 350 B.C. These are only four out of the seven wonders I will be writing about who commissioned and created each one of them. How they were built, where they were located, when was it constructed, why they were considered one of the seven wonders of the ancient world and what happened to them.