This section discusses some theories and models that highlights on savings. The analysis of savings attitude will be discussed from two approaches: macroeconomic and microeconomic (household) perspectives.
The macroeconomic methodology concerns itself with the influence of economic indicators such as GDP growth rate, rate of inflation, money supply, interest rate, etc., on the saving rate in an economy. At the micro level, individual saving and consumption attitudes, particularly households, have a particular relevance for financial stability of the economy. Poor savings attitudes induce financial disequilibrium as financial intermediation functions becomes difficult to realise (Modigliani & Brumberg, 1954; Nwachukwu & Odigie, 2011).
Thus, at macroeconomic level, population savings are an important source for financing company investments as well as budget deficit. At microeconomic level, the savings contraction decreases the populations’ standard of living, especially the retired, with all the negative implications that may follow.
Todaro (2010) defines development in economics as achieving sustained growth rates of per capita income (economic growth) so as to enable an economy expands its output at a rate higher that of its population growth rate. Review of some relevant literature found some models and theories regarding economic growth and savings are as follows.
Traditional Classical Growth Theory (Adam Smith’s theory)
The development on theories on savings can be
People are not being able to save because they are putting their wants in place of their needs. Saving money is one of the hardest things to do. First they need to develop a budget to be in control of where their money is going. One should record their monthly expenses, and any money saved for the month put away for emergencies. Today, people are making more money than ever before and still living paycheck to paycheck. Developing a budget will get one accustomed to living within their means and will open up more money for saving.
In Africa for example, savings rates of around 17% of GDP compare to 31% on average for middle income countries. Low savings rates and poorly developed or malfunctioning financial markets make it more expensive for African public and private sectors to get funds for investment as higher borrowing costs impede capital investment. Moreover, in
The level and amount of saving one needs to emulate is dependent on policies that regulate the retirement benefits savings. The rate at which people are saving currently is would not be likely the same rate people will save in future because the economy is changing. Outside forces like inflation also have some impact on our behavior economically. Behavioral economics will help us to understand the effects income taxes have on labor supply. In case of having a business, we would be in a position to know how many people we can be able to
In recent years, economists have demoted savings on the economic value chain. Keynesians view savings as detrimental to growth because the act removes money from circulation and decreases spending. Policy makers have made rules that reward spenders and reprimand savers.
Many adults and teenagers living in the present day still do not know why saving money is important. As much as we all hope emergencies won’t happen, the truth is we all know that sometimes they are unavoidable. If you do not have a safety net to lean on when these problems arise they can rapidly turn into additional debt and loans. Setting a little money aside will assist you when these life emergencies arise. Saving money also helps people achieve and aspire to their personal, social, political, and environmental goals. Once you have enough money saved you can become financially independent and able to make your own choices about how to spend your money. Additionally, saving money gives you peace and satisfaction. Knowing that you have your finances in control feels commendable. Not having to worry about sudden emergencies or costly repairs lowers your stress levels. Saving money helps in sudden emergencies, assists
Households in China have tend to save probably more then they need, because they can not rely on social safety nets, such as healthcare and unemployment insurance etc. However, by expending the reach of social protection programmes on a durable basis, government would reduce their own saving and at the same time make for lower precautionary households saving.
Economic development can be defined generally as involving an improvement in economic welfare, measured using a variety of indices, such as the Human Development Index (HDI). A developing country is described as a nation with a lower standard of living, underdeveloped industrial base, and a low HDI relative to other countries. There are several factors which may have the effect of limiting economic development in such countries. Factors such as these include: primary product dependency, the savings gap and political instability.
The significance of establishing the future-oriented saving's plan would depend on the need of the household and its contributors. For instance, a household utilizing cautious spending habits would reduce the risks in their financial plan; while also creating a monetary analysis which could be easily managed.
An increase in the savings function will also in effect lead to an increase in the amount of savings. A sustained rise in private investment spending will lead to a rise in the equilibrium income.
What defines a nation’s way of life and standard for living depends entirely on its ability to function economically. In addition, the rate at which a country saves is the key to determining its prosperity from a long term perspective. More businesses with more facilities and more equipment equal a greater degree of productivity and greater income for employees. This formula transfers to show greater income for consumers and proves clear relationships between national saving rates and terms in which we measure economic well-being. In addition to the large scale national example, there is also an obvious connection between increased savings and families who
s & World Report emphasize that “American household still save far less than those in a host of other developed countries across the pond, including Italy, Spain, and France.” The American household doesn’t think in saving money because they are compulsive
Faced with a period of temporary economic decline of both trade and industry, which is also known as the recession. Saving money can be quite difficult for any family. Some situations cannot be helped, workers are not responsible for their job status, and there could be a variety of reasons why he or she loses their current job. In a worse case scenario, if unemployment
Economic growth is a necessary but not sufficient condition of economic development. There is no single definition that encompasses all the aspects of economic development. The most comprehensive definition perhaps of economic development is the one given by Todaro: ‘Development is not purely an economic phenomenon but rather a multi – dimensional process involving reorganization and re orientation of the entire economic and social system. Development is a process of improving the quality of all human lives with three equally important aspects. These are: 1.
Development is defined as “the process of change operating over time- the process by which countries and societies advance and become richer’’. The modern 20th century defines development as” the process of change which allows all the basic needs of a region to be met, thereby achieving greater social justice and quality of life and encouraging people to fulfill their potential’’. Todaro defines development as “the process of improving the quality of all human lives through raising people’s living standards, their incomes, consumption levels of food, medical services, education, raising people’s self-esteem through the establishment of social, political and economic systems and institutions that promote dignity and respect and increasing people’s
There are different approaches to determine the current account. In this essay it is worth to explain the “saving-investment balance approach” since Bernanke’s “saving glut” idea is based on it. The identity for