The And Measurement Of Microbiology Essay

Concept 6.1 Biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry to study cells 1. The study of cells has been limited by their small size, and so they were not seen and described until 1665, when Robert Hooke first looked at dead cells from an oak tree. His contemporary, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, crafted lenses and with the improvements in optical aids, a new world was opened. Magnification and resolving power limit what can be seen. Explain the difference. Magnification is the ratio of an object’s image size to its real size. Resolution is a measure of the clarity of the image; it is the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished

Preparing specimen for electron microscope hard, light microscope still very useful as a window on living cells.

|EMB Agar | |Distinguishes bacteria that ferment |Dark blue colonies with|E. coli and P. |

The illuminating parts of a microscope enable us to see the detail of the subject placed under the microscope. The three main parts that enable us to do this are: the condenser which illuminates the object that is placed under the microscope, the objectives which forms the magnified image, and the eyepiece which enables us to see the magnified

To make the specimen compatible with both forms of advanced microscopy, they sufficiently prepared samples by coupling the specimen with a fluorescence that was also conductive. This technique was accomplished with the FlouroNanogold label, which contains gold nanoparticles covalently bonded to a fluorescence label. That way, the LM worked as well as the EM for the same set of kinetochores that were being studied. The Hec1 protein was stained in this case because this protein naturally delineates the structures to be studied.

A light microscope was set up with the light on a low setting; one large Daphnia was selected and placed in the centre of a cavity slide by using a pipette.

A light microscope was set up with the light on a low setting; one large Daphnia was selected and placed in the centre of a cavity slide by using a pipette.

BSP, S. (2010). How is EM different from light microscopy? Retrieved April 25, 2015, from http://bsp.med.harvard.edu/node/222

The first of these three methods is microscopy, used most notably by Walter C. McCrone. As defined by McCrone, microscopy is “the use of any tool or technique that allows us to identify microscopic objects.” This includes the use of the light microscope as well as more advanced types of microscopes such as the electron microscope and x-ray diffraction (McCrone 1976, p. 676 A). McCrone's methods using microscopy were desirable because they allow observations to be made on small samples so that no visible damage is done to the item being tested. When testing the Vinland Map, McCrone used a small needle with rubber cement on the tip to pick up ink particles. Particles were then observed, first using an optical stereo microscope, and then observed more closely with a series of more advanced microscopic techniques such as the electron microscope and x-ray diffraction (McCrone 1976).

types of microbial diseases; i.e. how diseases are caused by microbes. Their types like bacterial, viral, fungal etc.

Contrast is related to the illumination system and can be adjusted by changing the intensity of the light and the diaphragm/pinhole aperture. Chemical stains applied to the specimen can also enhance contrast.

2. Introduction: Each student was given unknown bacteria and was instructed to perform a variety of experimental tests that would help to identify their bacteria. During the process of identification, the unknown bacteria was added to many different testing medias using aseptic technique. They are as follows: lactose fermentation on eosin methylene blue (EMB), TSI (Triple Sugar Iron agar), Phenol red sucrose, the SIM test, H2S by SIM, IMViC (indole, motility, voges-proskauer, and citrate), Urease (urea broth), PDase (Phenylalanine Deaminase), Lysine Decarboxylase, and Ornithine Decarboxylase. Colonial morphology on EMB was used to

NOTE: Answer Question A only if you used a compound light microscope for this experiment.

Finally, the beam strikes a fluorescent screen. The magnified image of the object can be seen on the screen of a television-like monitor. The images formed by a transmission electron microscope are black and white like an X-ray picture. Computers can be used to translate the image information into a three-dimensional colored image.

Direct optical imaging methods offer several benefits, namely a swift acquisition time, relatively low market price and high spatial resolution. The cost and image resolution will go up if microscopic imaging techniques are to be used. However, there are some disadvantageous using this technique. For example, with increasing imaging resolution, the field of view will decrease. One solution is to scan the contamination plume, but at the price of reduced temporal resolution. In general, the resolution of optical imaging is restricted by the light intensity, magnification and the pixel density of the camera. Moreover, image acquisition time is affected by the light intensity and the amount of light penetrating through the boundaries of the sample. Often the rate of exposure needs to be lowered in samples with low photon density.