The And Qing Dynasties : The Era Of Tolerance And The Beginning Of The End

In Ancient China the father of the woman decided who that his daughter would marry. There was no agreement between the two fathers. The father would talk with an astrologer who had a birth chart on every child. By looking at the time and date of their births he would then decide whether or not they would be compatible for one another. The father when then make the decision whether they would marry, the daughter’s thoughts and opinion’s did not count.(9) The woman was required to be completely devoted to her husband. After the marriage a Chinese women was expected to bow to her new in-laws and offer them tea. This showed them that she now belonged to her husband’s family. It was required of her to obey her new

From 618-907, the unprecedented leniency and tolerance of the Tang dynasty created a large hyper power, with alliances and trading and such. This empire left a lasting impression on the Chinese. “These and other factors converged to produce a dynasty more tolerant of foreign cultures, religions, and influences than any other in Chinese history.” Taizong was the first emperor of the tang dynasty and set the precedent for his successors. His main goal was to establish equality throughout the regions. He achieved this and became “the first Chinese ruler to establish dominion over the steppes.” As the Tang rule grew larger and larger, it engulfed areas like Manchuria, Vietnam, and parts of Iran. The way they chose to handle the commerce and diplomacy

Though authored possibly centuries apart, the Confucian Analects and court historian Ban Zhao's Lessons for a Woman have far more similarities than they do differences. The reason for this complementarity is that Ban Zhao's writings are intentionally constructed to mirror the teachings of the Analects with a focus on the roles of women in society rather than those of men. She very specifically focuses on relationships between men and women, thus between the two texts a well-rounded picture of the proper marriage relationship in ancient Chinese culture can be formed.

Relationships between people depend on the time period, the location, the social norms set at place in one’s society and one’s own personality. Throughout history and cultures the meaning of relationships have changed. In some ways they have become more relaxed and in others stricter in following these rules of society. In Six Records of a Floating Life by Shen Fu, he describes his relationship with his wife and his culture during the eighteenth century in China. His story tells a relationship that was very unique between his wife, Yun and himself. For the time they were very progressive in their beliefs and actions. It helps the reader see the culture in China at this time and how relationship during a time with strict societal rules especially for women became to be a very surprising and reformist relationship.

Timothy Brook’s book, The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China is a detailed account of the three centuries of the Ming Dynasty in China. The book allows an opportunity to view this prominent time period of Chinese history. Confusions of Pleasure not only chronicles the economic development during the Ming dynasty, but also the resulting cultural and social changes that transform the gentry and merchant class. Brook’s insights highlight the divide between the Ming dynasty’s idealized beliefs, and the realities of its economic expansion and its effects. Brook describes this gap through the use of several first hand accounts of individuals with various social statuses.

Medieval China, as seen in the Stories from a Ming Collection, was characterized by distinct separations between men and women’s abilities, typical old fashioned family structure, and a desire to advance their social status. Throughout all the stories in this book, it dives deep into different aspects of how men and women are treated, how families were structured and how that affects their lives, as well as the values these people held. A very common trend in the stories was how different men and women were treated and the limitations they may or may not had.

Women in Ancient China during the Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty lived in oppressed lives. Society perceived them as inferior to their husbands and parents-in-law. Their role in the family were to be housewives taking care of their family and maintaining the household chores. They were always under the instructions of their husbands and parents-in-law in they were treated like servants. They also had no control in their personal decisions because they were not allowed to decide who they were going to marry and what they wanted to do in their careers. Parents of daughters would also force their daughters to foot-binding because it would attract potential wealthy husbands. This paper argues that although the Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty were known as the golden periods for China, nevertheless, it was overlooked by historians that women during the time were victims of gender inequality because they lived with no control over their personal lives and were expected to be submissive to their husbands.

California and Chinese marriage laws have a lot of similarities. The most crucial agreement is the monogamy and free of choice. According to the Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China (2011), Article 2 states “a marriage system based on the free choice of partners, on monogamy and on equality between man and woman shall be applied”. This article has the same meaning as the one of California. However, the marriage in ancient China used to be arranged by parents. Jiang Dong (2014), a Law Associated Professor in Renmin University of China, points out “Article 1105 of the Un-Promulgated Civil Code Draft of Republic of China, the marriage should be under the permission of the parents”. Until 1950, Chinese marriage law had a tremendous change; men and women are treated equally on the perspective of marriage.

Lessons for Women is a book of conduct written during the Han Dynasty by Ban Zhao (C. 45-120) to advise the women of her family on the proper conduct of a wife. Ancient China around this time was a Confucian state in which the society was control by the belief in order and harmony. The book contains seven chapters that talks about: humility, husband and wife, respect and caution, womanly qualifications, wholehearted devotion, implicit obedience, and harmony with younger brothers- and sisters- in law. This work of literature reflects on how a proper women was to behave obediently to the husband, by being devoted and respectful to avoid humility to herself, her parents and her clan. It gives the readers an idea of the power that men had over women during this time period and the exceptions for both roles of husband and wife. Lessons of women informs the readers that women during the Han Dynasty had no control over their own lives and the philosophy of Confucian had a huge influence on the society’s everyday life. Ban Zhao emphasizes the importance of distinctions between men and women, and their separate natures.

The sexological discourse that spreads in West comes to Asia and enters into China’ pre-modern era - echo of sexuality. There were many homosexual relations in china in pre-modern era, and it was the same case in Japan. However, othering homosexual identities arose only after sexual discourses from Western cultures breathe life into them. Westerners say the homosexual behavior is barbaric, and they spread the idea that to be considered a civil nation you have to stop normalizing same-sex sexuality. Instead of labelling like European societies do, the organization in

Mongolia's rulers perform religious tolerance policy. People are free to believe in their original religion. All religions are equal in status at that time. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a very important new phenomenon in the Chinese Islam history. Due to more and more Muslims come to Yuan Dynasty, in order to facilitate the management of the rapid development of the Islamic religious affairs, Yuan Dynasty set up the government offices called "Huihui Hade Si", ruled by clergy including Danishmand, darwish, Qadi, Shaikh-al-lslam, Iman, Mutawalli, and Mu'azzin. Hade was transliterated from Qadi in Arabic. In the Chinese history, "Huihui Hade Si" is the first specialized official institution dedicated to the administration of Muslim affairs,

In contemporary Western culture, choices about romantic love and sexuality are a critical aspect of individual self-definition. Whether someone is homosexual or heterosexual is thus also considered to be a crucial aspect of who he or she is as a human being. In previous eras, where individuals were married young, and entered into arranged marriages, this was not the case. Although people had same-sex desire, this desire was enjoyed outside of marriage. What was important for heterosexuals and homosexuals were the social obligations of partnership, children, and marriage, versus personal fulfillment in a romantic fashion.

The current birth control program of China, composed by the one-child policy, has been receiving both praise and sharp evaluation over the past quarter of the 20th century. This system has been intensely changed how families value abortions, “Little Emperor Syndrome,” marriage, parenting, abandonment, and neglect of baby girls. This essay highlights some of the major changes of family value as the consequence of this policy.

It would be impossible to disagree with the statement that “Chinese kinship is based on male predominance”. In fact this statement may even be under-emphasizing the control and absolute power that males wield across all levels of Chinese society. Of course, where their power initially comes from though, is through the family or termed differently the “jia”. It is this extended or ideal family that cultivates the consistent patrilineal form of control/descent and dictates that residence in said “jia” is primarily patrilocal. That being said, what I hope to be able to create over the following pages is a clearer understanding of the ideal (Chinese) system of control. This ideal system,based on

In its recorded antiquity, records to suggest Society X also had male pairs and female pairs. A repeated location of such behavior is a “Greece”, apparent source of scientific and societal inspiration. Not presently clear how this same gender pairing was tabooed, but the “progressive” sentiment that overcame Society X removed the taboo. Young Xers demanded and enacted acceptance in a series of revolutionary acts—denouncing the mental stigma, allowing the pairs “adopt” offspring in unstable male-female homes, and legally permitting the same gender pairing through an institution ” marriage ”.