The And Types Of Neuropsychological Methods Employed

Goals of MS therapy is to reduce the severity and frequency of relapses, manage muscle weakness, and reduce fatigue. Also to reduce depression, pain, sexual dysfunction, and bladder or bowel

Multiple sclerosis, also known as MS, is one of humankind’s most mysterious diseases. No one knows the exact cause and there is no exact treatment. Still multiple sclerosis has the ability to affect nearly 3 million people worldwide and at least 500,000 people in the United States (Boroch). This disease tends to be more common in individuals of northern European descent and women are more than twice as likely to develop multiple sclerosis as men. Of those 3 million people, most of them are between the ages of 20 and 50 years old (Dangond). Even though multiple sclerosis is a mystery disease, scientists are working to determine the exact cause and treatment.

a. Support: Common indicators of MS are fatigue, dizziness, numbness and tingling, weakness, blurred vision, heat sensitivity, slurred speech, problems with memory and concentration,

It is suggested by previous studies that the damage of the myelin sheath in MS involves the activation of inflammatory factors including the CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages and microglia cells (Luccinetti et al., 1996; Lassmannet al., 2012). However, whether the immune response triggers the onset of MS, or is a consequence of the disease process is currently not clear. Interestingly, several recent studies suggested that the prevalence rate of MS is significantly increased with latitude, which implies that not only the geographical (environmental) differences but racial and ethnic differences may play a role in the worldwide MS distribution (Rosati, 2001; Simpson et al., 2011).

Even though MS effects every individual differently and can run its course in a strikingly different manner than that of another, four basic disease courses have been

Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that has the potential to cause significant disability in those affected through the body's immune system attacking and destroying the myelin sheaths surrounding the axons. Myelin is rich in lipids and proteins that form layers around the nerve fibers and acts as insulation and protection. This damage to the myelin in the CNS, and to the actual nerve fibers, has the potential to block the transmission of nerve signals between the brain and spinal cord and also other parts of the body. This disruption of the nerve signals produces the primary symptoms of MS which then possibly lead to secondary and tertiary symptoms stemming from these

Symptoms of MS are medicated from like Dilantin are used to manage neuropathic pain. Novatrone, Tefidera, Aubagio, and Fingolimod are oral medications used to diminish frequency of MS relapses and progression of disability. Benzodiazeprines are often used, such as Clonapam, to prevent seizures. There is even a drug, Ampyra, that in an anti-MS agent to increase walking speed in patients.

Dr. Bever is a world-renowned neurologist who is avidly apart of studies with MS as well as treating MS patients. Dr. Bever and his research team were the first to create an MS treatment. They found that the addition of beta interferon into the central nervous system was shown to decrease autoimmune attacks on the axons and myelin, helping to decrease the symptoms of MS. Now beta interferon drugs such as Avonex are the most popular treatments for MS patients. Dr. Bever is also currently apart of a study with the VA Multiple Sclerosis Center of excellence working on new treatments for patients who are unaffected by current

If you know anyone with Multiple Sclerosis or MS, you would know how terrible the disease is. Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which your immune system attacks the nerve cell covers in the brain and spine are damaged. The nerves in the body eventually deteriorate and it is fatal. According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, the cause of Multiple sclerosis is still unknown. There is not a cure at the moment for Multiple Sclerosis, but there are treatments that can speed recovery when attacked by the disease (Mayo Clinic). Scientists are under the impressions that there are a few factors that may come into play. They say that when they discover the exact cause of Multiple Sclerosis it will be easier to find a way to treat the disease or maybe even stop it from happening at all. (National Multiple Sclerosis Society)

As of today, there is not a cure for Multiple Sclerosis, but the goal of treatment is to avoid any sort of neurological impairment (Ruto, 2013). Drugs can be used to help treat MS such as corticosteroids which help decrease inflammation and are frequently used by MS patients (Medical News Today, 2012). Other types of drugs that are used in treating Multiple Sclerosis are interferon’s to slow down the progression of the symptoms, copaxone to help end the attack of the myelin and mitoxantrone which help to protect the patient’s independence and decelerate the progression of disability (Medical News Today, 2012). Living with MS can be stressful, so having support groups can be helpful by sharing feelings and experiences

One day seven years ago, Kimberly Macalaster-Klapprodt, woke up to find that the upper left part of her face was numb. “I thought, ‘This is weird’ and went on with my day. But when she developed dizziness and a crippling headache the next day, she stopped joking and went to an urgent care facility. That’s when the saga of Macalaster-Klapprodt’s multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis began. It was exhausting experience that many patients who are eventually diagnosed with MS can relate to. Although there's no cure for Multiple Sclerosis, the sooner a patient receives an MS diagnosis, the sooner he or she can be treated with medications that help manage the disease, especially in the initial stages of Multiple Sclerosis

There is no cure for Multiple Sclerosis (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Most treatment is focused on improving quality of life by treating symptoms and slowing its progression. There are a few drugs to help slow progression, most of which are for relapsing-remitting MS (Mayo Clinic, 2017). In March of this year, the FDA approved the first drug for primary-progressive MS (FDA, 2017), called ocrelizumab, which slows the advancement of disability (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Ocrelizumab may cause infusion related reactions, such as hives, shortness of breath, fever, etc, and may lead to an upper respiratory tract infection (FDA, 2017). Acute relapses are treated with corticosteroids to reduce nerve inflammation, a traditional and approved method of treatment. (NIH, 2013). To treat symptoms, those with MS may go to physical therapy to help strengthen muscles and manage gait problems (Mayo Clinic, 2017). They may also use muscle relaxers to treat extremely painful

Multiple Sclerosis affects more people than most would think. MS is an unpredictable disease that attacks the central nervous system but it is a difficult disease to diagnose due to multiple unknown factors. Each diagnosed case of MS is unique depending upon factors given by the patient. Understanding the different courses of Multiple Sclerosis, early diagnosis and the treatments of the disease all play an important role in bringing awareness of MS. Learning about Multiple Sclerosis can bring opportunities for patients, family and friends such as planned events like the MS Walk. For now there is no cure but raising awareness is the first step to finding one.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an example of a chronic disabling neurological disease requiring specialty care and coordination. MS is the most common progressive neurological disorder of young adults, the median age of onset is 30 years, an age when many are starting careers and families I was 32 years old when I was first diagnosis in May 2008; I was having a difficult time walking and really bad back pain. When I visited my primary doctor I was first diagnosis with Fibromyalgia, then I was referred to a neurologist. After my results from my MRI it was confirmed that I had MS. The results from the MRI showed

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord, particularly the central nervous system (CNS). In MS the immune system attacks the myelin, which is the protective sheath that covers the nerve fibers and causes communication between your brain and the rest of your body. Eventually, the disease can cause the nerves to deteriorate or even lead to permanent damage. They deteriorate in variable degrees and produce significant disability within 20-25 years in more than 30% of patients, (Luzzio, 2016). The majority of people diagnosed with MS are adults between the ages of 20 and 45; twice as many women are affected compared to men. However, MS can present itself in childhood or late middle age, but is uncommon. According to Goldenberg (2012), there is no known cause for this debilitating disease, but it appears to involve a combination of genetic susceptibility and a nongenetic trigger, such as a virus, metabolism, or environmental factors