Investigation of the anti-bacterial properties of the herbal remedies, tea tree oil and eucalyptus oil
Viktoria Budafai – G00269730
Group J
Biology 1.1 Laboratory Project
Brian Moran
Contents
Introduction 3
Hypothesis and aims 3
General introduction to herbal remedies 3
Tea tree oil 3
Eucalyptus oil 3
Penicillin G. 3
Gentamicin 3
Trigene 3
Sterile water 3
Escherichia Coli 3
Methods 4
Choosing reagents 4
Preparation of agar plates 4
Sterilisation of equipment 4
Transfer of E. coli. culture onto agar plates 4
Disk preparation and placement 4
Incubation 5
Results 5
Tea tree oil 5
Eucalyptus oil 5
Penicillin G. 5
Gentamicin 5
Trigene 5
Sterile water 5
Conclusion 7
Appendices 7
Bibliography 8
Introduction
Hypothesis and aims
The
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EO is frequently used to treat viral infections such as influenza and the common cold. EO is also regarded to have antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, therefore it is also used to treat wounds to prevent infection.
Penicillin G.
Penicillin G. is also known as Benzylpenicillin. It is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Usually Penicillin G is obtained from microbial sources such as Escherichia coli (Cole, 1969). It works on most Gram-positive bacteria, and some Gram-negative bacteria.
Gentamicin
Gentamicin is also an antibiotic, like Penicillin, and is used to treat a number of bacterial infections. Unlike Penicillin, Gentamicin is more effective on Gram-negative bacteria, and only works on a limited number of Gram-positive bacteria. It was first used in 1963 as the first clinically useful broad-spectrum antibiotic. (Edson RS, Terrel CL, 1999).
Trigene
Trigene is a disinfectant and was used in the experiment as a positive control.
Sterile water
Sterile water was used in the experiment as a negative control.
Escherichia Coli
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a pathogenic, Gram-negative bacteria, and was used in the experiment to determine the antimicrobial activity of TTO and EO.
Methods
Choosing reagents
Before the preparation for the experiment could be started, reagents needed to be picked. In the case of this experiment, the reagents were chosen to be TTO and EO.
Preparation of agar plates
The
Penicillin is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by Bacteria. One may think that Penicillin has been around for a long time however, it was
AIM – The aim of the experiment is to determine the relative effectiveness of several anti-microbial substances on developing pathogens. (E. coli)
In this reading there was many very interesting facts about penicillin. Penicillin was a breakthrough in the medical field in the 20th century. The scientist Alexander Fleming had accidentally spilled a vile of bacteria on to a plate of bacteria to his benefit he found that is had stopped the growth of bacteria. This accidental discover has benefited everyone in the world because we have to get these shots if we are infected, plus it saved many life’s in world war II. However, Penicillin is considered an antibiotic chemical that is created by living organism to stop the growth of bacteria and prevent an illness if people were to come into contact with this problem. Since the discovery and massive stock piling of this cure it has become less
Penicillin is a type of antibiotics. It fights nasty bacteria in a human body. Penicillin is used to help many different infections caused by bacteria. Penicillin was made for the soldiers in world war one, it was to help bullet wound infections and infections caused by lost limbs. Penicillin is made from extracting it from mould.
Fleming in 1928. Penicillin helped to treat some common infections: step throat, boils, it would heal wounds quicker, as well as treat more serious infections such as meningitis and pneumonia. Antibiotics usually kill only weak bacteria and after some years of antibiotic usage stronger bacteria have not only survived but also became resistant to the old cure. “Doctors have started to prescribe antibiotics to cure conditions such as ear infections, sinusitis, bronchitis, non-specific upper respiratory tract infections and even common colds and flu… According to the Director of Antimicrobial Resistance, Dr. Richard Besser, each year US physicians write $50 million worth of prescriptions that are ineffectual and unnecessary.” (Elisa Bussey). The more doctors were prescribing antibiotics, the bigger the number of people who become resistant to them. Most of the European countries prescribe antibiotics to kill bacteria only in cases of life threatening conditions. Patients in the US have become accustomed to receiving antibiotics for almost any health concerns and with time, patients have started to expect such prescriptions as a norm.
The wonderful discovery of Penicillin, a medicine that was discovered in 1928. This medicine was used to cure bacteria in humans. Penicillin had good results not only in the 1928, as it also still is very successful today. Penicillin had a big impact, it cured many people in the U.S. during World War II. penicillin,leads to the development of others antibiotics.
The discovery of penicillin was one of the most important discoveries in the 1900s and marks a turning point in human history. Penicillin was one of the world’s first antibiotics which eventually evolved into modern antibiotics that are used today; it has often been described as a miracle drug. The discovery of penicillin meant that doctors finally could completely cure their patients of deadly diseases. After World War I, many soldiers died from infected wounds because the antiseptics used, killed the patients’ immunological defences more than they killed the invading bacteria. Penicillin kills bacteria by destroying the cell wall of the microorganism causing the cell to burst; it was very effective in clearing bacteria without harming the
Penicillin has helped save many lives throughout the years. It has cured things like strep throat, which many people have had in their lives, syphilis, and gonorrhea. It also sparked a new wave of
The experiment undertaken was a comparison of the rate of effectiveness of synthetic and natural antibacterial agents against a strain of Escherichia coli. The initial theory was that synthetic agents would essentially work more efficiently against the E coli as the product had been manufactured specifically to fight the harmful nature of the bacteria. However, after concluding the investigation, the data and evidence collected potentially disproves the initial hypothesis.
The main objective of this experiment is to investigate the effect of different types of antibiotics on bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Some of the main methods used in this experiment
They don’t necessarily target certain bacteria and are mainly for daily usage or frequent use. For example, penicillin needs to be prescribed by a doctor while hand sanitizers are used in our daily lives mainly every day without a requirement of prescriptions. Also the ingredients in antiseptics are different as they are applied on external skin and don’t come in contact with any internal body part. The active ingredient in antiseptics is usually a form of alcohol like ethyl alcohol. On the other hand, penicillin is an antibiotic which are medical substances that are taken to destroy and inhibit the bacterial growth inside the human body. They are used to cure the body of infections and diseases that are caused by bacteria inside the body. It is not a preventative measure against bacterial infections, but a treatment to stop the growth of bacteria and provide medical help. Penicillin being an antibiotic is used internally and has the same function. It comes from the genus Penicillium and the ingredient from which it is derived is
Herbal medicines are great alternative for commercially manufactured medicines available in the market. The major reason why herbal medicine differ from modern medicine is because they are produced with 100% natural content. Therefore the plant extract has all the medicinal values that are as effective as modern medicine. Commercially prepared drugs show results quickly but have numerous side effects. However herbal medicines don’t show any side
Herbal drug therapy is regarded as an important alternative for the treatment of chronic and infectious disease. Ocimum gratissimum has been used extensively in traditional medicine in many countries.The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant status and antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum (MEOG) and to establish that the antimicrobial activity is due to its antioxidant potentials.The total antioxidant status was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays and the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method to determine total phenolic content of the MEOG.The antimicrobial effect was determined by agar diffusion and broth dilution method against different ATCC strains of pathogenic bacteria. Zones of inhibition, minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined. The results indicate that the antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of MEOG is mainly due to its total phenolic content
he worldwide increase of multidrug resistance has impaired the current antimicrobial therapy, warranting the search for other alternatives.This study investigated the efficacy of using plant extracts; Lawsonia inermis L(Henna), Glycyrrhiza glabra L(licorice) and Rosmarinus officinalis L (Rosemary) as antifungal agents.Antifungal susceptibility test revealed that nystatin were mostly active against tested clinical isolates. In vitro antifungal activity of the different plant extracts against isolates showed that acetonic extract of licorice, had high antifungal activity. In vivo study, topical application of licorice gave promising and excellent healing response. We propose that the higher percentage of (GC-MS) of 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose 29.1 %, most probably are the causes of its higher antifungal activity.
The present study was conducted to identify the phytochemical constituents also their biological role and antibacterial activity in L. inermis leaves.