The Antioxidant Status And Antimicrobial Activity Of The Methanol Extract Of Ocimum Gratissimum

Hypothesis: If 3 teaspoons of chopped cinnamon, cloves, mustard, ginger, and garlic steep in half a cup of boiling water for 15 hours and then placed in nutrient agar covered with Staphylococcus epidermis (gram positive) bacteria for 24 hours (in an incubator), garlic will have the strongest antimicrobial effect. This is because of allicin (an active principle of garlic homogenates), which has a chemical reaction with thiol groups of enzymes in the bacteria. Ginger will have the least antimicrobial

2) Pelargronium Sidoides- extracts of the Pelargonium Sidoides plant have long been used in traditional South African medicine to treat respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis.

Licorice root is used worldwide as a natural sweetener, as well as a flavoring agent. The main composition of plant Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids act as inhibition platelet aggregation, and anticancer, antioxidant (20). Aly et al.,2005(21) indicate that liqurice have potent anti-inflammatory reduction edema about 78.3 while diclofen about 73.9% also have anti-ulcerogenic activity associated with a reduced acid output and an increased mucin secretion, an increase in prostaglandin E2 release and a decrease in leukotrienes (22). Many volatile oil and vitamins such as B1,B2,B3,B6,C,E, Biotin, Foli acid, Pantothenic acid act as expectorant, laxative, liquiritin act as antitussive (23). Also contain Coumarins Herniarin and umbelliferone (24).moreover plant used for treatment of asthma , chronic fatigue, hormonal disturbance , antiviral, antibacterial , hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant , antiulcer, ant mutagenic, Hypothermic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, relieve pain , expectorant, hypoglycemia,

During the last decade, St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) has gained popularity as an alternative treatment for depression and a natural remedy for reducing inflammation due to its especial chemical composition(1, 2). H. perforatum is a perennial herb of the Hypericaceae family native to parts of Europe and Asia (middle-east and other parts) and also has spread worldwide, including temperate regions of India, China, Africa, and some parts of the United States and is distinguished by its golden yellow calycles(1) . In addition, when flower buds are crushed, a reddish liquid would be exposed. This reddish liquid contains numerous compounds with biological activity such as phloroglucinols hyperforin, adhyperforin, the naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin, the flavonoids hyperoside, quercetin, rutin, quercitrin and isoquercitrin, and the dimeric flavonoids amentoflavone(3). Oily Hypericum preparations have been used for centuries as a medicinal plant to treat burns, wounds, alcoholism, dermatitis, neuralgia and myalgia beside its antidepressant, antiviral, and antibacterial effects(4-7). Nowadays,

The aqueous extract of T. chebula has been shown to enhance antioxidant status in the liver and kidney and effectively modulate oxidative stress of aged rats.The ethanolic fraction of T. chebula enhance the healing rate of gastric lesions induced by indomethacin and also inhibt lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosal tissue of rats[87] . In addition, the ethanolic extract has been tested against certain multidrug-resistant bacteria, which includes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and extended spectrum β -lactamase-producing enteric bacteria and T. chebula has shown broad-spectrum activity. Also,this extract interact synergistic with tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin against S. aureus and/or Escherichia coli ( E. coli)[61]. The butanol fraction of T. chebula fruit had also broad spectrum activity against six intestinal bacteria, particularly Clostridium perfringens and E. coli[62] . A study has also shown that the aqueous extract from T. chebula inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthesis by de- creasing iNOS protein and iNOS mRNA levels.

According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) a minimum of 2 million people become infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria and an estimated minimum of 23, 000 people die each year as a direct result of those infections . As an increasing number of infectious diseases are becoming resistant to numerous allopathic medicines , for example meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureusis or MRSA, more research is being conducted into alternative treatments derived from naturally occurring substances. Having heard about the

The methodology involved using the plant’s flower bud by washing it in sterile water, dried, and crushed into a powder. Eventually it was converted into an ethanol and methanol extract and observed for any effects on MRSA strains (Yadav et al., 2011). The results showed that both extracts had inhibitory effects on various MRSA strains and could have the potential for use as an antibacterial agent for multidrug resistant strains (Yadav et al., 2011). In some ways the study suggests that cloves can play a role in treating bacterial infections, but it is possible that converting it into an ethanol or methanol extract might have improved its effectiveness on MRSA strains. Using clove capsules to cleanse the body of microorganisms may or may not be as effective since the concentration of cloves per dose is different from the effectiveness of an ethanol or methanol extract used as an antibacterial

However, some severe adverse effects such as hepatitis, nephropathy and allergic reactions limit the clinical use of allopurinol (3). Several in-vitro observations confirmed the XO inhibitory activity of some phytochemicals such as flavonoids (7-10). Flavonoids are non-nutrient polyphenolic compounds that occur in plants and consist of six major classes based on specific structural differences: flavonols,flavones, flavanones, catechins, anthocyanidins, and isoflavones (11). Therefore, a promising approach for hyperuricemia and its complications might be a combination therapy utilizing dietary flavonoids and hypouricemic pharmaceuticals at a suboptimal dosage to minimize any potential adverse side effects. The present study was designed to screen natural compounds for their xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI) are used in the treatment of gout. Gout is a common worldwide health problem. It arises due to elevated serum levels of uric acid. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors block the production of uric

The study of cancer has impact millions of lives and scientist have continued to research new treatments for this disease. Scientists are coming close to developing a cure for this disease. New compounds are being tested to develop this cure. Compounds used in this research are Onosma echioides L., German Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita), and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L). Onosma L. is a medicinal plant traditionally used as laxative, anthelmintic and for alexipharmic effect. Chamomile have many medicinal attributes, used for hay fever, inflammation, muscle spasms, menstrual disorder, insomnia, ulcers, wounds, gastrointestinal disorder, rheumatic pain and hemorrhoids. Rosemary is a medicinal plant, a good source of iron, calcium,

In this article we are going to give you a natural solution for numerous of disease. It is the best natural antibiotic which is used for years from people around the world.

They have been reported to possess antioxidant,1-4 antimalarial,5 antileishmanial,6 antiinflammatory,7 antitumor8 and antibacterial activity9. The presence of a reactive

Opuntia has been used in traditional folk medicine due to its role in treating a number of diseases and conditions, including anti-inflammatory effects, hypoglycemic effects, neuroprotective effects, inhibition of stomach ulceration through antioxidant actions. It is also used for treating burns, bronchial,

CVek, D., Markov, K., Frece, J., Dragicevic, T. L., Majica, M., & Delas, F. (2010). Growth Inhibition of Aspergillus Ochraceus ZMPBF 318 adn Penicillium Expansum ZMPBF 565 by Four Essential Oils. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol, 61, 191–196.

This study was conducted to determine the anti-bacterial properties of duhat bark extract and it’s fighting ability against various types of bacteria.

Herbal medicines are great alternative for commercially manufactured medicines available in the market. The major reason why herbal medicine differ from modern medicine is because they are produced with 100% natural content. Therefore the plant extract has all the medicinal values that are as effective as modern medicine. Commercially prepared drugs show results quickly but have numerous side effects. However herbal medicines don’t show any side