The Applications of Typical as-plasma-sprayed Hydroxapatite Coatings as Medical Implants

"Several medical companies are developing new porous coatings for implants that promote and increase bone ingrowth and reduce bone shielding effects by the use of titanium-based foams or scaffolds," he explained. "Today's technology works by plasmaspraying the powder onto the implant.

It is a mineralized connective tissue formed by osteoblasts. Osteoblasts deposit a matrix of collagen and also release calcium, magnesium and phosphate ions that chemically combine within the collagenous matrix into a crystalline mineral, known as bone mineral, in the form of HA. Therefore, bone tissue is a natural composite consisting of a collagenous matrix and a mineral phase. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic materials with the same hybrid structure that combine the strength, stiffness and osteoconductivity of an inorganic component with the flexibility, toughness and resorbability of an organic phase.[13,14] As such, in recent years, researchers have concentrated on developing the polymer/ceramic nanocomposites, which have the advantages of both polymers (structural stability, strength, biocompatibility and desired shape) and ceramics, and are more similar to natural

Smoking and dental implants do not go hand in hand. In fact, individuals who smoke and choose to obtain a dental implant find they are at higher risk of infection following oral surgery and the oral surgery recovery time increases. These are only two things a smoker must be aware of when it comes to choosing the appropriate option for replacing a missing or failing tooth. However, individuals should not be surprised by this, as smoking has been shown to have numerous negative health effects. Why do dental professionals feel it is so important to share information regarding the risks associated with dental implants and smoking?

One method is uses ion impregnation of the surface [84]. This method allows the material to act in such a way that they can either promote bone formation or reduce bone loss, since ions are essential factors for enzymes. Bioinorganic ions can modulate angiogenesis to accelerate healing, induce osteogenesis, and stimulate proliferation of osteoblast control. However the use of inorganic ions can also cause toxicity [85]. An example of a bioinorganic ion used on titanium is calcium ions. Calcium-modified implants, create a concentration gradient of chemo attractants for mesenchymal and osteoprogenitor cells on the implant surface. Moreover, calcium-modified titanium surfaces have electrical characteristics different from normal titanium surface, this change in the electrical properties on the surface increases the composition of adsorbed biofilm [86]. Other ions used to modify titanium surfaces are phosphate ions [87]. Phosphate ions are associated with proteins in formation and regeneration of bones through phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine amino residues. Phosphate-modified titanium implants block the incorporation of mineral ions into the crystal surface, inhibiting thereby crystal growth. The last ion coating consists of both phosphate and calcium [88], coating it with hydroxyapatite [89].

In recent years, advancements in the field of tissue engineering coupled with a growing demand from orthopedic medicine has led to the interlacing of these fields. This is most evident in the area of development or betterment of orthopedic implants. The needs and uses for orthopedic implants vary, but generally these implants are designed to replace, repair, or support a damaged bone or joint, or to fix a deformation. Specifically when developing a device to fix a medical bone issue, tissue engineering plays a crucial role. Because the implant will be going inside the body, a main area of concern is the biological characteristics of the material used, and how these will affect the compatibility between the implant and body. There has been various studies conducted that show a correlation between the biocompatibility of a material and osteoblast induction. Therefore, when engineering a material it is imperative to maximize the biocompatibility in order to induce osteoblast production, ultimately healing the damaged bone. This review

Getting a dental implant requires specialized bone surgery. That's why your general dentist may not be suitable for the job. You need an implant dentist who has been trained and certified in the procedure. Here is a quick look at the process you go through to replace a missing tooth with an implant rod.

Based on your smile, the world assesses your friendliness, intelligence, personality, and even your social status! No wonder celebrities, actors, models and entertainers have long valued dazzling white smiles and gorgeous teeth. Do you have loose dentures or missing teeth? Dental implants can improve your smile and make eating more enjoyable. Fortunately, implant and cosmetic dentistry is now available to Briarwood, Queens residents and the surrounding communities at Cohen Dental Care.

If you lost a tooth due to gum disease, trauma, or cavities, it can eventually cause bone loss in the area of the missing tooth. This will make getting dental implants complicated, because your jawbone will lack the proper amount of bone depth and width required to support your new implant. When this happens, a dentist will need to perform a bone augmentation procedure. It will help add stability to what will eventually be the foundation for your dental implant and the false tooth that attaches to it.

The dental implant itself is deeply rooted in your gums and the bone in your mouth, therefore, it is extremely difficult for this to break off. However, the crown that is placed over the dental imlant is more susceptible to breakage because it mirrors the structure of normal teeth. Regularly exposing your dental crown to serious trauma, will only reduce the life expectancy of your dental implant crown. A cracked crown that is left untreated can eventually lead to an infection. As a result, there are a few tips you can use to make sure that your dental implant crown does not end up cracked.

Part of the dental implant process will involve placing a temporary dental implant in your mouth while the permanent crown is being created. It is important to know that there are some thing you shouldn’t do while you have this temporary implant in place.

(https://goo.gl/8NuqKf) Ceramic on polyethylene(CoP) is the second commonest hip implant type accounting for 26.1% of bearing types in total hip replacements in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Isle of man. (https://goo.gl/FSfzVW)Ceramic is the material most often used for young patients with an active lifestyle. (https://goo.gl/F9iz7F) Studies have shown that Ceramic implants are best for active patients that are expected to place more load cycles on the prosthesis more frequently due to the low corrosion level of ceramics. (https://goo.gl/tVdfi1) Early ceramics were known to fracture easily, this has been improved since using better manufacturing methods. (https://goo.gl/NdYctC)Modern ceramic on ceramic implants have been found to squeak in 2.7% of patients. Possible factors include malpositioning, however no definitive answers have been found. The production of a CoP can be very expensive as both materials have multiple

An in vitro comparative evaluation of physical properties of four different types of core materials

Titanium has played a successful biomaterial in biomedical application especially for orthopedics (bone-anchoring systems), dentistry, drug delivery, and nanotherapeutics in treating bone cancer and arthritis. One of the treatments of bone cancer patients is the replacement of cancerous bone with implant material. The current implant materials have implemented coating technology (such as Calcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite) which gives good cytocompatibilty but over the time it gets encapsulated with the surrounding bone cells and lead to poor osseointegration. An augment of current implant material, we used nanotechnology application tailoring nanoscale topography on conventional implant material into TNA by anodization

The objective of this project is to investigate and determine compatible naturally based elements that can potentially replace and be integrated into the bone tissue, for medical purposes. These elements should be similar in characteristic and structure of the bone tissue, so that they can effectively replace the tissue and help stimulate bone growth and cellular growth, in order to maintain bone homeostasis. In order to achieve compatibility, factors such as 3-D polymeric structures within bone scaffolding, cellular composition and many other aspects should be considered within all these plausible elements.

Superior aesthetics and biocompatibility of dental ceramics has driven the increasing use of all-ceramic restorations over the past decade (1). However, the brittleness and low fracture strength of ceramics can initiate crack propagation causing fracture of the restoration. Clinical studies have demonstrated that all-ceramic dental restorations have an increased resistance to fracture in service when adhesively cemented to the prepared tooth structure with resin-based composite cements (2). It is thought that the cement interacts and penetrates ceramic surface defects, preventing crack propagation. However, strengthening is dependent on sufficient resin cement polymerisation via free radical photo-polymerisation in response to blue light (450-500nm). Adequate polymerisation (DC) depends on appropriate light transmission (LT) to the resin cement, which is affected by the opacity and the thickness of the ceramic and the resin cement layer. Consequently, this will influence the mechanical properties of the resin cement together with the strength and longevity of the restoration (3, 4, 5). The aim of this current study is to analyse LT through ceramics of different shade and thicknesses; measure and map DC; and correlate the results to the degree of reinforcement achieved.