The Arab World Literacy Report

Summary of chapters: Tompkins, E Gail. (2014). Literacy for the 21st Century A Balanced Approach

S Foreign policy within HOA. Djibouti supports African Union and U.S. Foreign Policy efforts to eradicate the spread of Islamic extremists groups such as Al-Qaida affiliated al-Shabaab – this commitment includes providing military forces to the African Union Mission in Somalia, supporting the Transitional Federal Government in Mogadishu, Somalia. Additionally, the Djiboutian government supports USAID efforts throughout Africa by providing warehousing for the only stockpile of humanitarian aid on the African continent. (Diplomatic, Information IOP)

In fact, there are still some countries struggling to offer education because they are still in development. Countries in Africa, such as Sudan, are primary victims. According to a research paper, “education is one of the main priorities for the people of South Sudan. As recent studies show, many communities in South Sudan view education as the most important peace dividend.” (Barnaba). After the analysis of school enrollment and completion rates in Sudan, results were rather low. Sudan, a third world country, currently is going through the state of being the most illiterate country in the world. It has placed education as its top priority and may will be finding ways to encourage families to send students.This ultimately has been caused through the poverty of the parents and thus requiring help in supporting the health of the family making education a second priority. Due to that reason, the country is still developing. A huge gap separates the developed countries from the developing countries solely based on the education systems. The paper states, “there is also concern raised on lack of attention to education quality and its failure to reach the marginalized as contributing to the learning crisis”(“Fix the Gaps in Our Education System [column]”). There is a weak management of schooling in many third world countries, which is a primary reason to why they have not developed yet. This is the reason for the gap and

The education system, which was under the control of the central government, collapsed and many of the schools closed (“Somalia”). Now, though, the people are trying to reopen some schools and reestablish the education system. The other problem with the education in Somalia is that many children at a young age start to work or help out with the family livestock, not having much time for school. This leaves the children uneducated and deprives them of basic day-to-day communication skills (Kraus).

In society today, people are judged by their level of education. Education is the key in society today. According to begintoread.com, today in the United States 1 out of 4 children grow up without learning how to read. Also at early stage of life the brain start developing and adjusting to the environment that they were raised in. In addition, books and education helps develop the brain especially in early age. According to the National Center for Education, Statistics shows that the majority of people who don’t complete high school have basic or below-basic literacy skills. 26% of prison inmates nationwide had parents who had not completed high school, and 37% of inmates had not completed high school themselves. Literacy is powerful in times of development because it leads to success in life and helps with solving a problem.

Cynthia Haven is the writer of an article called “The New Literacy: Stanford study finds richness and complexity in students' writing” that is a study based on the amount of writing college students do. She followed students at Stanford during their undergraduate years and the first year after that. She discovered that today’s students are writing more than any generation before it. Cynthia had the students she was studying submit all of the writing they did, academic or personal. She found that only 62 percent of the work submitted to her was for classes; the rest of the material was “Life writing”.

After learning about the Somali refugee settlement in Minnesota, I believe one challenge human service professionals may face is getting the Somali people acclimated to life in the U.S., especially getting the children enrolled in school. The Somalis Minnesota story tracks to 1991, when civil war broke out in Somalia. Millions fled to refugee camps, many in Kenya. Two years later, the first wave of Somali refugees were sent to Minnesota (DeRusha, 2011). With the time that these families were in refugee camps in Kenya, it is highly unlikely that education was pursued at this time. Our education system in the U.S. is based upon age. A child’s age determines what grade they go into. Well, the Somali children may be old enough for a certain

The most important issue facing the world today is still education. We may think that everyone in the United States has an education because of public schools which provide free education. But, that is not true, because around 1.2 million students drop out of high school every year in the U.S. At a worldwide scale, around 31 million students drop out of elementary school in 2012. In addition to that, around 70 million kids in the world don’t have an education in 2010.

The judicial system however was developed in a Western-style, including a penal code, criminal court procedures, and a four tiered court system. Islamic law as well as customary Somali law both play a role in civil and clan disputes ("Culture of Somalia - history, people, women, beliefs, food, customs, family, social, dress," n.d.). The infant government of Somalia is currently making gains in establishing support in the urban areas of the country through international aid from the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) (AMISOM Mandate. n.d.) and advisory assistance from the United States State Department ("U.S. Assistance in Somalia," 2013, May 7). However its influence is still waning in rural areas, which has allowed established organizations like Al-Shabaab freedom of movement within the country and often times across its borders. Once the government gains sufficient support, it will be able to extend its influence into the rural clan territories. As the government gains support from the rural clans and sub clans they will more effectively be able to enforce rule of law and protect its people from internal threats like Al-Shabaab and external threats from outside its

There is a saying that the only time people realized the importance of someone or something is when they lose it. People start missing and regret what they missed. As a student I found that most students do not cherish the opportunities of going to school. They do not like and are tired of the homework their teachers assigned and a bunch of tests, quizzes they have every week. What these student do not know is that in some counties the opportunity to get education is relatively low than the countries they lived in. They also do not know how powerful schooling can be and how some people’s lives can be changed through going to school. In the book I Am Malala, the author Malala Yousafzai describes her tough life of pursuing education under the Taliban’s control. And how she fights against the Taliban for her right for education. Knowledge is the primary thing that people can get from education. By going to school, people learn how to read, write and some critical thinking skills. Without this knowledge, people are not able to identify right and wrong. Knowing how easily ignorant people can be controlled, terrorist do whatever they can to stop people, especially girls, from going to school. However, education is a powerful tool for fighting these terrorist, because well-educated people are harder to be fooled and controlled.

In this age of development, it was stunning for me to learn that countless children around the world are being denied an education because it is not affordable, their country is war torn, or they are not male. According to UNICEF data, the number of illiterate youths (15-24) is at 115 million with the most concentrated in the least developed countries and 59% of the illiterate youths being women. Around the world, 91% of youths are literate, but is simply having the ability to read and write equate to education?. Learning to read and write is necessary, but should the goal not be bigger than that?. In teaching children to simply absorb information and repeat, what will they gain? It is the application, the practice, and the understanding of the why and how that makes information important. Critical thinking skills are the key to solving the world's problems; understanding that

I firmly believe that my experiences working with children, as well as my experiences as a student, facilitated my growth, knowledge, and understanding of literacy throughout this course, as I found myself relating my own experiences to those presented in the required readings, chats, handouts, and assignments.

Both Afghanistan, and Somalia have violated the right to an education. This is demonstrated through the real life struggles of women in Somalia, and Hassan's illiteracy in the

Al-Shabaab as a terrorist group poses a significant threat in Somalia and in the global community. This paper will start by discussing the background. In this part the paper will show how the group has evolved from Al-Ittihad Al-Islam (AIAI) to the Islamic Court Union (ICU) and lastly to Al-Shabaab. Before discussing the group’s threat of national security, homeland and international, this paper will provide the conceptual meaning of key terminology, such as national security, homeland security, international security and globalization. It is important to understand these concepts before moving toward the main argument of the paper. After providing the framework for key concepts, the paper will discuss the group’s threat to Somalia in two areas, national security and homeland security. The paper will go further and identify the threats posed by the group on other nations’ homeland security and international security. We will use East African countries and the United States examples. The paper will provide evidence to support how globalization has shaped and fueled the threats from Al-Shabaab. It will then discuss the primary response from the United States and from African countries through AMISOM. The paper will provide the way forward and suggestions for the response of the international community to Al-Shabaab. In conclusion, we will try to alert the international community that although the group has been experience hard times in Somalia, it is unwise to

Education remains to be the priority of all nations around the globe. Most countries devote vast resources to guarantee equal education opportunities to all their students. Most education systems are developed to meet the economic and social demands of the country, both locally and globally. As the world’s 8th highest education spender, Saudi Arabia initiates an overhaul on the education system. It is the largest country in the Middle East. The Saudi Arabian education has gone through an astounding transformation. Initially, education was only available to few people who were children of the wealthy families. However, the transformation of the Saudi Education is now offering education to all children regardless of their social status.