The Arctic

              The Inuit tribe has used many natural resources in assisting them to provide food. As they hunt, many of their game don’t just provide food, yet more than that. The Inuit hunters have used sealskin and blubber, from seals they have caught, were used to make clothing, materials for boats, tents, harpoon lines, and fuel for heat and light. Their boats, harpoons lines, clothing, help them gather even more food.

The Inuit have a Bladder Feast, which is a act of respect for the seals they catch during the year (Institution and Smithsonian). Lots of the Inuit culture is about them giving respect to the animals they kill and they use every part of that animal. The Inuit would hunt animals like bison, whales, fish, and arctic bears. The Inuit people have mastered the skills of survival in the arctic region. They use many tools in order to hunt. They use spears for catching whales and they hunt in groups on land. Over the years they have improved their ways of hunting and building their

You just learned about how dissimilar, and the same two tribes can be to each other, and how they are comparable, how the Dene’s style varies, and how the Inuit are distinct. The Dene and the Inuit are similar on caribou, clothing, and location. The Dene is different because of the houses they live in. The Inuit is different because more of their territory is close to water. Think about this; how unlike do you live, than a person your age living in another place, like London, Paris, Moscow, or the

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) has been the center of a strident controversy and national debate that has raged for over 40 years. The question raising so much contention is whether the federal government should allow drilling for oil and natural gas with the levels of contention paralleling the rise and fall of gas prices. The National Democratic and Republican Parties have taken opposing positions in their national political platforms, with the debate emerging and re-emerging in Congress as a significant issue. The Republican are proponents of drilling whereas the Democrats are opposed. With Sen. Lisa Murkowski ascending to the top post of the Energy and Natural Resources Committee many observers believe that the Republicans will renew their push for drilling in the ANWR in the upcoming 114th Congress. This paper will explore the different arguments that are used to oppose drilling to protect the ANWR followed by arguments that are in support of drilling. As a result of a preliminary review of current literature outlining the pros and cons surrounding drilling, it is the thesis of this paper that drilling in the ANWR is unnecessary based on (1) the potential to cause irreversible damage to a very unique ecosystem that has not been adequately studied by scientists; and (2) the limited impact that drilling in the region will have on overall market prices and supplies due to the estimated small size of the ANWR’s oil and gas reserves. A brief history of the

The people of Inuit, Yup’ik, Unangan, and other Native Americans Indians have lived in the harshest environment on Earth from Siberia, across Alaska and Canada, and to the East of Greenland along the coast of the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean. From Labrador to the interior of Alaska the Athapaskan, Cree, Innu, and other Native’s people lived in the subarctic region of the land. These people had the ability to depend on their years of knowledge of the sky, ice, ocean, land, and animal behaviors in order to survive. Living in the area that was vast and dealing with seasonal dynamic extremes these Native people of the Artic and Subarctic had a honorable endurance for an millennia of exchanged goods, ceremonies, and shared feasts with neighboring goods that has help them throughout the years.

The Canadian Inuit were a domestic, tribal, egalitarian society in the 19th century. And some cultural changes occurred; making the Inuit adapt and become more aware of other resources they could get hold of, for gathering and hunting for food. In the 19th Century, the Europeans discovered the Inuit culture and this provided new resources for the Inuit to gain an easier way to gather and hunt for food. But because of the European influence, the Inuit’s culture changed to adapt with European Individuals living in their land, and European resources that had been made access to them. By this cultural change in the 19th century there was “an increased diversity in the social structure and material culture of the Labrador Inuit society” (Auger, 1993:27). The Labrador Inuit was a significant Inuit Society to have an ethnographical research made to understand a little bit more to; how the Inuit was affected and how the food process was changed. It will also be discussed the significant ideas and techniques that the Inuit used to gather and hunt for resources.

To understand the significance of the “drum beater”, it is essential to understand the Inuit culture that created this sculpting based on its beliefs. The Inuit’s are aboriginal people who mainly inhabit the northern region of Canada. As of 2011, there was just under 60,000 people who identified themselves as Inuit, which is roughly 4.2% of the total aboriginal population(need a source). The Inuit people lived life style that was hunter gathering, as it was to cold for agriculture in the northern parts of Canada. Although the Inuit lifestyle has evolved as times have changed, their culture remains mostly the same. Many of their traditions are still continued to this day, especially their stories and mythology that is passed down from generation to generation. This is incredibly important as it allows for the

In the film “Eskimo Fight for Life” the Inuit winter camp has a defined social structure. From generation to generation the roles of men and women remain the same. The most important role for men is to hunt to feed the camp. They hunt seal which is a symbol within the camp because it conveys the meaning of survival. The women are responsible for supplying the camp with the necessary clothing such as fur coats and boots. The women also teach their daughters these skills so that they can make their own clothes and boots. The Inuit camp also has their own language which enables them to communicate with one another. With the use of language, the elders, especially the grandmothers, can tell the children stories. These stories are one way they pass

The Inuit are very spiritual people and they do not believe in a lot of the same things we do. They believe in something called Animism, all living and nonliving things have a spirit. When someone or something dies they believe that things spirit goes to the spiritual world. They only people powerful enough to talk or communicate with these spirits are religious leaders, Shamans or “Angakoks”. The way these religious leader speak with them is through dances or charms. They wear masks and clothes of an animal because they believe it helps them to communicate with them better. Not all spirits are good ones, when the weather was bad or there was an illness going around they believed it to be a displeased spirit, but the Inuit used guidelines to try to make the spirit happy. There was five rules that need to be followed in order to please the spirits, 1) women are not allowed to sew caribou skins on the inside of there igloo on sea ice in the winter. 2) Inuit can not eat sea mammal and land mammal at the same meal. 3) A knife used to kill whales had to wrapped in sealskin, not caribou skin. 4) After killing a seal melted snow had to dripped into its mouth to quench the spirit's thirst. 5) The Inuit saved the bladder of the hunted because they believed that’s where the spirit was found inside. One of the most important spirits was Sedna, The Goddess of the Sea. She provided them with food from the sea, which made the Inuit most happy.

The Inuit people are also known as Eskimos. They have lived in the Artic area; the Tundra, where the climate is cold and too severe for trees to grow, for over a thousand years. Over the thousands of years living in the Artic environment, the Inuit people have adapted culturally and biologically. Among the biological adaptations, their bodies altered permitting them to adapt to the environment in five ways. In addition to biological adaptations, the Inuit people also adapted culturally, changing how they dressed, the type of home they lived in, and the number of individuals in their groups.

Although Native Americans are known for their voice being a vital instrument, most rituals, songs, and dances are accompanied by an assortment of instruments such as, drums, rattles, flutes. Every instrument has it is own meaning and a purpose. In this section, the significance of these instruments as well as their structure and functionality is explored.

The women of the tribes create the clothing from seal, caribou, bear, fox, and other animal skins (Santella 31). They dress in a multitude of layers to keep warm in their frigid region (30). Furthermore, there is not much difference between men and women clothing. In the winter, Inuits wear layers of boots, trousers, parkas, and mittens as well. The number of layers that they wear is solely dependent on the weather around them (“The Arctic People - Groups in This Region”). Because of the cold climate, the Inuits have a very distinctive

The Inuits live in really harsh conditions in the Arctic. They have lived there for a really long time. They live in a place called Nunavut. They are brave to live there. They are not able to make wooden homes, because of their climate region, so they make snow houses called “Igloos”. In the summer, when the snow melts, they cannot make igloos. They live in tent like huts made of animal skins. Inuit communities are found in the: Northwest Territories, Labrador, and Quebec.

Cold water corals form reef structures in the cold deep sea are often defined as self-sustaining biogenic reef frameworks and can be found in any ocean around the world at different depths (Roberts, 2005; Davies and Guinotte, 2011). Reefs are patchy distributed on the sea floor and can develop forming impressive solid structures. These can fairly extend forming complex deep-sea habitats and shaping niches for many different marine species. These frameworks constitute thus a very specific ecosystem, offering different types of habitats (Buhl-Mortensen et al., 1995; Freiwald et al., 2004; Buhl-Mortensen et al., 2010) to different marine organisms. These reefs are thus important hotspots of biodiversity (Roberts et al., 2006) and have a key role in the carbon cycle in the deep sea (Roberts et al., 2006; Thiem et al., 2006).

Nanook of the North (Robert J. Flaherty, 1922) is a silent docudrama that was released to demonstrate the way that the Inuit people live in day to day life. To a person in the western world in the 1920’s they would believe that this is how they live, dress and how they survive in day to day situations. In fact, what Flaherty filmed, was scripted and the Inuit family we follow were not actually family. Flaherty also decided to have the Inuit people dressed as they would previously in history, where as they were dressing like western world civilisation in the 1920’s. This could have been due to wanting to make the Inuit’s come across as a new and exotic civilisation, compared to the “ordinary” people.