The Argument Of Money Is A Lack Of Political Freedom

Wood states "regardless of its great disparities of wealth" which shows that the equality of money is dissociated from social equality. (Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution, 710). Gordon demonstrates how liberalization of the market has increased equality. Before the Revolution, wealth was based on land ownership, and therefore on social status. Wealth has been liberalized. A kind of new dynamic was created through trade. " Unlike proprietary wealth, this new kind of dynamic, fluid, and evanes- cent property could not create personal authority or identity." “Hence it could not be relied on as a source of independence. (…) property qualifications for participation in public life either as voters or as officeholders lost their relevance and rapidly fell away. ” (Gordon S. Wood, The Radicalism of the American Revolution, 711). After the Revolution, a new economic model developed: capitalism, which is characterized by freedom of exchange. This means that any citizen, peasant or aristocrat, can buy shares, and trade. A real opportunity for every citizen to get rich. Therefore, The American Declaration of Independence was the passport of freedom for the entire population. Indeed, all the old models have been re-examined, updated. It was a declaration for a project to be defined and for emancipation from the British. The Americans wanted to be independent like the

action and protest from Native American groups such as the National Congress of American Indians

They were declared a dependent sovereign state and only the federal government had any say so in their affairs. Treaties were signed and land was sacrificed in order to retain some semblance of independence but the states got greedy and wanted it all. It was the Indians who followed the treaties and never went after their lost land or left their borders but the Americans continued to encroach on them. The Memorial Of the Cherokee Nation explained how Indians were tricked into selling land that belonged to the Nation so that Indian territory became American territory despite the people having no right to sell land given to the Cherokee Nation. The Cherokee government fought the breaks in the treaties but the judicial decision was overruled and the Cherokees were still forced to move. Besides the breaches in the treaties, the Cherokee tribe was one of the five assimilated tribes meaning they adopted European customs and religions. The Cherokee had become civilized as was the European’s goal and they fought their battle through the legal system not in a war. In this sense, the Indian Removal was unjust and

In his first section, Cohen states that "I am happy to assume, here, with the right, and with Berlin and Rawls, that freedom is identical with lack of interference" (10). In other words, the overwhelming opinion within Cohen's article is that freedom, at the very base level, is defined by an absence of interference by anybody on one's social liberties. Per the right's argument, because poverty is characterized by lack of means and not lack of freedom, poverty does not necessarily entail a lack of freedom. However, Cohen ultimately contends that "lack of money includes lack of freedom, even if we accept the identification of freedom with lack of interference" (11). He uses a variety of arguments to assess this claim, but the biggest one is an analogy to a theoretical society. In this society, there is no money, but rather, somebody's freedoms

Instead of the government respecting the right of the Indians to maintain their religious places, it invokes its power as the custodian of the public land by claiming that it has the mandate of utilizing any piece of public land for the benefit of the entire

With the settlement of the American West, I discern that it was not nice to force Native Americans off their land onto reservations. There was a treaty given to the Sioux for the rights to the Black Hills until gold was discovered in the area. The white miners flocked to the territory to get the gold. I don’t think it was right that with the treaty the U.S. government still ordered the Native Americans back to their reservations. With the conflict that occurred between the U.S. Government and the Native American Indian in Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custer’s Last Stand, marked a significant victory for the Native Americans and unfavorable for U.S. Army’s defeat. The Native Americans would have to remain in government-controlled reservations.

Later on in 1854, the Ojibwe also requested that the United States establish reservations and fulfill the needs of the future Ojibwe. The direct result of the requests was the establishment of four reservations in Wisconsin (68). In return for supplying these demands, the United States asked for the North Shore of Lake Superior and the island of La Point (Bell, PowerPoint, 12/20/2014). It wasn 't all bad for the Ojibwe. More often than not, the United States had compensated the Ojibwe with money, weapons, and supplies in place of the land they gave up. Other times, the United States had forced the Indians to listen to their demands through the use of military force (Bell, PowerPoint, 12/10/2015).

Georgia, a missionary named Samuel Worcester was caught preaching on Cherokee lands. According to laws in Georgia at the time, this was illegal without a permit, and so they threw him in jail. Worcester filed a law suit against the state of Georgia, stating that they did not have the authority to control what happened within the Cherokee Nation. The courts of course sided with Worcester as the Cherokee Nation was a sovereign district and the state had no authority there. Although the United States claims to have the best interest only for the Native American peoples with its promises of protection and services, it also treats them like lower class citizens or foreigners who need handouts. The only thing Native American need is respect and to have the land they deserve given over to them

In the early 1800’s, The United States and Spain had continuously argued with the Native people. The Louisiana Territory was purchased from France in the year 1803, Americans continued to push farther west for fertile land that could be used for farming. Due to overcrowding of eastern cities like New York City and Boston many settlers moved out west for a new start. It allowed for colonists to spread out and own untouched fertile land. When white settlers arrived they had realized that most of the land acquired from the territory was occupied by Native Americans for thousands of years. For decades Americans had thought that the land west of the Appalachian Mountains were unoccupied, but they were wrong. There were many tribes that had occupied this land. This included tribes like, The Choctaw, Cherokee, and The Chickasaw. In a sense, Americans had violent outbreaks with the Natives the minute the colonists’ had arrived in the United State. As the colonists’ tried to establish complete dominance and superiority over the Indians, ongoing heated debates over land ownership, and demanding requests to satisfy greed made forceful attacks between the groups unavoidable.

The Market Revolution adversely affected the liberty of Native Americans residing within the United States because they were seen as an obstacle to the country’s economic progress. As the Market Revolution ideas of commerce and expansion took hold in the minds of the people, these white citizens shared the view that Native Americans were hindering the goal of expansion. The citizens believed it was their God-sanctioned right to settle the West (Manifest Destiny) and the Native Americans stood in the way. Conflicts with Native Americans have existed in America since the first settlers, but with the increased emphasis on commerce and development brought by the Market Revolution, the relations worsened. In 1823, during the case of Johnson v M’Intosh, the Supreme Court claimed that Native Americans only had the “right of occupancy” on their land, and that they did not own it. In 1830, under Jackson’s administration, the Indian Removal Act was created which tried to move the 5 Civilized Tribes out of their lands.

How would you feel if the government seized your land, sold it, expected you to change your lifestyle and then tried to convince you it is for your own benefit? In 1887, the United States Government did exactly that to the Native American tribes with the Dawes Act. The Dawes Act effectively split up Native American land so that non-Native American people could take possession of it. The Native American people had worked the land their entire lives, and now they were faced with moving from their homeland and way of life for the government.

One tribe, the Shoshone, were promised “everything necessary to comfortable living” in exchange for fulfilling their side of the Indian Removal act [Document 8]. They remained civil even when adjusting from originally thriving in “every foot of what you proudly call America” to being “content with the little patch allowed”. They were originally promised seed, farming tools, food, and cattle during the arrangement, but the United States did not carry out their side of the bargain; killing their game, stealing their furs, and using the Shoshone meadows to feed their

While journeying to the Indian Territory, around 5,000 Cherokee died on the Trail of Tears. In 1830, the Indian Removal Act was proposed by President Jackson and passed by Congress. This act authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River, to lands in the west. This area was U.S land, in what is now Oklahoma. Congress established this, Indian Territory.

The Market Revolution adversely affected the liberty of Native Americans residing within the United States because they were seen as an obstacle to the country’s economic progress. As the Market Revolution ideas of commerce and expansion took hold in the minds of the people, these white citizens shared the view that Native Americans were hindering the goal of expansion. It was the United State’s God-ordained right to occupy and settle the land westward (Manifest Destiny), and the Native Americans were in the way. The conflicts with Native Americans has existed in America since the first settlers, but with the increased emphasis on commerce and development brought by the Market Revolution, the relations worsened. In 1823, during the case of Johnson v M’Intosh, the Supreme Court claimed that Native Americans only had the “right of occupancy” on their land, and that they did not own it. In 1830, under Jackson’s administration, the Indian Removal Act was created which tried to move the 5 Civilized Tribes out of their lands. Finally, in the Trail of Tears during 1838-1839, 18,000 Cherokee men, women, and children were forcibly removed from their lands and relocated to Oklahoma by federal soldiers. Soon

In 1829, Americans elected Andrew Jackson as their president in the midst of their dispute, having a leader determined to rid their newly forming country of all Indians. This mindset originated from the idea of “Manifest Destiny,” the belief conjured by John O’Sullivan influencing thousands to work towards the United States’ future of taking over the entire continent of North America. It was thought that simpler races were incapable of advancing as a society. With that as motivation, the discovery of gold under the earth that the Cherokee lived on had been the big push to clear the lands as well, either by the Indians’ own will or forcefully. In 1830, the “Indian Removal Act” had been passed by Congress to peacefully negotiate the relocation of Indian territories, but when thousands of Indian tribes declined, they became angry and took drastic measures like killing. Originally, the Supreme Court had defended the tribes. It was declared that the treaties they had made separating nations gave the U.S no right to impose their power in Cherokee boundaries. However, they had no intention of enforcing the idea leaving the land hungry people to continue with the removal. This lack of action not only became a feud between the Indians and the U.S, but some of their own people as