The Assembly Bill 32 : Computer Crimes Introduced By Assembly Member Waldron

If there is nothing done about cyber hacking, money, and important resources will be stolen from innocent people trying to live a successful life. “Cyber-crime units exist within local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) plays a critical role investigating crimes committed through the Internet” (Dingwell).

The purpose of this work is to discuss the relevancy of the court case the United States of America v. Richard D. King, Jr. and the influence it had on future cybercrime cases. A description will be given as to how the Fourth and Fifth Amendments are applied to cybercrimes, as well as an explanation how the Fourth and Fifth Amendments were addressed in this case. Further explanation on how the King ruling may apply to other cases involving computers or other devices that contain electronic evidence is provided.

THE COMPUTER FRAUD and Abuse Act, the law that’s been at the heart of almost every controversial hacking case of the past decade, is in the news again this month.

At the beginning of the second millennium, an era of information society, based on the increasing use of computers, computer technology, information technology, making available "everything to everyone, everywhere and always" very urgent problem of improving the legislation in the fight against various kinds of offenses in this area, and first of all crimes. Currently, computer crime, has acquired an international dimension, is already receiving an adequate assessment of the international community, in particular, is reflected in a special Convention on Cybercrime, signed in 2001 in Budapest, representatives of 30 countries, members of the Council of Europe. The scale of a virtual crime using the internet in the US can be seen from the following

In 1986, Congress enacted the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA). This act has been amended numerous times, up until even recently in January of 2015 when President Obama brought forth a proposal to expand the CFAA in his attempt to modernize law enforcement authorities to combat cyber crime. This act has 7 different prohibitions. In the 2014 case, Facebook, Inc. v. Grunin, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act was brought into question. The prohibition that was violated includes that relating to the act of accessing to defraud and obtain value. The cyber and financial crimes of young trading consultant, Martin Grunin pinned him against this act as well as bringing upon many other legal questions. Facebook, Inc. v. Grunin demonstrates a breach of contract, a violation of California Penal Code, fraud, and a demand for jury trial.

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA ) - this act civilly and criminally prohibits certain access to computers. By this Act it is prohibited for an individual intentionally accessing a computer without

When it comes being committed using technology, there are different types of crimes that can be committed. These crimes have been traditionally defined as either computer crimes or cybercrimes. The distinction in the two types of crimes seems to focus primarily on whether the crime can be committed without the use of technology and if the computer itself was actively involved with the crime. However, both types have created issues with the criminal justice system with how criminals are committing their crimes, the difficulties in law enforcement performing their duties, and the increased pool or potential targets and victims.

Computer Identity theft has affected over 10 million Americans every year because of the poor protection protocols being used nationwide. According to the Aberdeen group over 220 billion dollars have been loss every year due to identity theft. As the use of the internet and technology grows more prevalent in our society the amount of people who are affected by identity theft grows too. Identity theft and fraud have been defined by The United States Department of Criminal Justice as “Terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person's personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain” (Weissmann, “Identity Theft and Identity Fraud”). The effects of Identity theft has left many individuals continuously searching for ways to protect their information, and has caused many to have maxed out credit cards, bad credit rating, empty bank accounts and criminal records.

What is cyber crime? Cyber crime is defined as any criminal activities carried out on some form of technology customarily a computer. These cases are currently running the U.S. judicial system and have been since the invention of computers. The cyber crimes are beginning to surmount the criminal justice system and justice needs to be served. Of the many suggestions people have regarding the criminal justice system, improvements to cyber crime penalization can be implemented by updating ways of accumulating various evidence and customizing a set of consequences to online crime, rather than treating it like customary crimes.

This article covers cases about employees or former employees of corporate companies who have used hacking and exploitation skills to maliciously gain access to private information, and infect or wipe their databases. This intent to destroy or tamper sensitive information is in violation of the 1986 CFAA (Computer fraud and Abuse Act) “18 U.S. Code § 1030(a)(5)(A)” . Thus, because there have been so many breaches in the computer systems owned by companies there is more need for strict access permissions for employees and reliable high security which can be expensive.

There are many countries where terrorist activities are simply a part of life and where criminal activities are commonplace. Even in well-developed countries there can be problems. One of the most insidious of these activities, however, is cybercrime. It may seem less dangerous because it is not physically damaging to the person who is being targeted, but gaining access toa person's private information can cause serious damage to that person's good name and reputation, along with his or her credit, ability to obtain employment, and other parts of life. Something has to be done, but by the time issues are corrected there are new issues appearing. It can feel like a losing battle. Because of constant technological change, new challenges are arising regarding information access and privacy.

Legal Measures: This deals with the laws related to cybersecurity that are already or will be set in place by the nation’s legal system which is comprised of many parts involving Federal and State Governments, Laws, and Courts. Setting legal measures is extremely vital to the protection of information within many government, public, or private organizations as it addresses various initiatives, such as improving government security practices, increasing penalties for computer crimes, and fighting threats to the systems infrastructure. They can also make employees, contractors, representatives, etc., more aware of their actions within the workplace or at home and just in general information technology environments. One example of a cyber law in place is “The Computer Fraud & Abuse Act of 1984” (CFAA) which is a federal law that makes it illegal to intentionally access a computer without authorization or in excess of authorization.

The Computer Misuse Act (CMA)is an act of the parliament of the UK redacted in 1990 as a measure to cope with the new technological threats. Old traditional forms of crime such as harassment and fraud offences are nowadays often being committed electronically via computers or the internet.In the last few years new forms of e-crime are appearing, using new technologies such as Denial of Service (DOS) attack and pishing committed by offenders with good technical knowledge in IT. Thus, laws in our society need to be updated to deal with the new forms of crime.

When talking about cybercrime, we need to understand why it has become a big issue and how it affects all of us and our daily lives. In today’s society, a considerable amount of our daily activities are done over the internet including some on public sites such as social media and others behind password protected portals such as our online bank accounts. We communicate, shop, socialize, and control or manage most of our devices over the internet. With all this information available via the internet it becomes a treasure chest for cyber criminals filled with valuable information that can be stolen. Cybercrime is a

Data security issues are a serious challenge to everybody who utilizes PCs. The ascent of the PC as a typical business apparatus and the Internet as a typical method for business correspondence and trade have also made a situation those criminals with specialized information can adventure to go after the less actually insightful.