The Association Between Muscle Mass Measured Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Grip Strength, And Coast

When one administered the dynamometer to measure gross motor strength while another one administered the lateral pinch meter for fine motor strength, there was a significant different in the amount of strength between Angelo’s right upper extremity and left upper extremity. After three trials on both arms through both of these assessment tools occurred, the results indicated that his left upper extremity was significantly weaker than his right upper extremity, all because of his cerebrovascular

Nutrition is an important aspect of health within all age groups. A nurse’s initial assessment is very important to a patient’s nutritional status because during an assessment, many findings can determine the nutritional status of an individual. For example, a simple examination of a patient’s overall appearance can determine whether the patient is malnourished, by evidence of decreased functional status, decreased bone mass, impaired muscle function, immune dysfunction, reduced cognitive function,

The pathophysiology of Sarcopenia is explained by mechanisms that are neural- and muscle-dependent that are enhanced by many factors (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2010). There is an ongoing chronic muscle denervation, which is associated with an age-related decrease in the motor neurons. This leads to the loss of muscle fibers and eventually to a decrease in the total muscle mass. Other factors have been implicated in this process such as decreased physical activity, a change in the hormonal status such as a change in anabolic hormones, altered protein synthesis, and changes carried by inflammatory mediators (Doherty, 2003; Ryall et al., 2008).

Besides hand length, some other factors could also affect the strength of hand grip. Thus this experiment is done to investigate if athletes’ strong upper limb muscles also contribute to their high grip strength. The difference in the maximum right hand grip strength between college athletes and non-athletes were compared. The null hypothesis is that the maximum right hand grip strength is the same for college athletes and non-athletes. The alternative hypothesis is that the maximum right hand grip strength is different between college athletes and non-athletes.

As humans grow older, both muscle mass and bone density decrease. This deterioration of muscle mass, also known as sarcopenia, is often accompanied by a loss of function and strength. This significant loss of muscle that occurs with aging can impair functional ability for the elder population, which can include everyday tasks such as opening a jar, walking down stairs, or bending down to pick an item up. The most practical approach to combat deteriorated muscles is to incorporate some type of strength or resistance training into the daily schedule. One of the strength methods tested was explosive-type heavy resistance training, which may alter kinetics and neuromuscular activity during stair ascent in elderly women (Holsgaard-Larsen, Caserotti,

2014). Sarcopenia is characterized as a progressive condition and is caused by low levels of physical activity and increased levels of inflammation. Sarcopenia is very commonly seen in elderly patients and they often show signs of decline in physical functioning, strength and health (Iolascon et al. 2014). According to Santilli et al. (2014), if an elderly patient has low handgrip strength, that shows low levels of muscle strength and if an older adult has a slow walking speed or weak muscle power, those are signs of low muscle performance. Sarcopenia also correlates with fragility of elderly patients and increases the risk of falls (Santilli et al. 2014). According to Iolascon et al. (2014), it is an important risk factor for disability and mortality. One big role to prevent or postpone Sarcopenia is physical exercise. According to Iolascon et al. (2014), the best exercise to do is resistance training because it may maintain or increase muscular strength and

Grip Strength- Definition and Introduction Grip strength is defined as the measurable ability to exert pressure with the hands, fingers, or both. It is expressed numerically in either kilograms or pounds of pressure and is a quick and effective method for providing information on a muscle or group of muscle’s ability to use force and exert pressure. Grip strength measurement is usually simpler and more cost effective than other methods, making it a good option for muscle strength measurement. Also, grip strength can provide information on a person’s overall health status in regards to their functional capacity.

Several cross-sectional, observational studies have related sarcopenia to decline of functional status, such as mobility performance, self-reported functional limitations, and disability, it is well established that the aging process itself is associated with numerous changes in the human body. One of the most significant age-related anatomical changes is that which happens to the skeletal muscle mass (Visser and Schaap, 2011).

Sarcopenia can be defined as the age-related loss of muscle mass, strength and function (Waters, Baumgartner & Garry 2000; Vandervoort & Symons 2001). Although there is no specific level of lean body mass or muscle mass at which one can say sarcopenia is present (Roubenoff 2001), any loss of muscle mass is of importance because there is a strong relationship between muscle mass and strength (Roth, Ferrell & Hurley 2000). Sarcopenia appears to begin in the fourth decade of life and accelerates after the age of approximately 75 years (Waters, Baumgartner & Garry 2000). With aging and inactivity, the most atrophy is seen in the fast twitch (FT) fibers which are recruited during high-intensity, anaerobic movements. Although sarcopenia is mostly seen in physically inactive individuals, it is also evident in individuals who remain physically active throughout their lives. This finding suggests that physical inactivity is not the only contributing factor to sarcopenia. Current research is finding that the development of sarcopenia is a multifactorial process. Many factors, including physical inactivity, motor-unit remodeling, decreased hormone levels, and decreased protein synthesis, may all contribute to sarcopenia. Fortunately, sarcopenia is partly reversible with appropriate exercise interventions. This article will focus on the current perspectives of sarcopenia and conclude with the importance of resistance training in preventing it.

The Physiology of Movement SS4203 Name: Michelle Dullea Student ID: 15156524 Date: 25/11/2016 Lab 2; Characterisation of Joint angle- force Relationship Introduction: The aim of this lab report is to investigate the relationship between external joint angle and muscle force production. We measured maximal isometric strength in the quadriceps and hamstrings using the strain gauge system. The strain gauge allows force produced by the volunteers to be measured in Newtons.

The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for age-related sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al., 2010).

As women age, muscle control begins to slowly decline. The choice in loss of muscular velocity seems to be voluntary due to the lack of strength training in older women. In order for muscles to strengthen, activation through endurance is necessary. The study done by Andre Gurjao, and his colleagues, suggest the use of strength training (ST) has a positive correlation on rate force development in women, specifically older women. Neuromuscular changes take affect on the power contributed within muscles that are accompanied with aging. Strength training reverses the effects of muscular power deterioration by improving neuromuscular performance in older adults (Gurjão, Gobbi,Carneiro et al., 2012).

Muscle strength is defined as the maximum force capacity of an individual1. It is well known that the aging process causes decline of muscle strength . Muscle strength starts to decrease already from the age of 30. When reaching 50 years of age, muscle strength decreases with 12-15% per decade, with even more rapid loss above the age of 651,2. Within 5 years a decrease of 15% in muscle torque can occur3. This is caused by morphological aspects of the motor nerves, which results in a preferential degeneration of these nerves. Due to this degeneration there occurs denervation of the muscle fibres. This causes a decrease in muscle fibres, especially type II fibres2. A consequence of this decrease of fibres, is a lower muscle mass. Muscle mass

Our muscle mass and bone atrophies start after every decade as we age pass 30. People who have been involved into physical activities since when they were young doesn’t suffer from that excessive muscle and bone tissue loss. Strength training in particular prevent muscle/bone loss and helps in hypertrophy. For older population muscle and bone atrophies bring many challenges particularly in maintaining right posture and range of movement. That is why often times we have seen seniors with slouched back and frozen shoulders. The unfit seniors face many difficulties in performing routine task such as climbing on stairs. Stand for prolong period or lifting heavy objects.

Manual Muscle Testing is a procedure in physiotherapy that is necessary to assess the patient’s muscle strength. It is an important aspect in physiotherapy and grading strength is a skill that must be enhanced by the therapist. In connection with this, the results taken is used to determine what possible treatments the patient needs and also for their future physiotherapy visits. Muscle testing evaluation is done through the use of 5 to 0 system of grading; five (5) which represents a “normal” grade showing a best possible response, while zero (0) which represents no activity. The grade represents the performance and capacity of all muscles involved in the performed