The Attachment, Self Regulation, And Competency

John Bowlby, the backbone of attachment theories will be discussed throughout this essay to explain and evaluate the key theories of attachment. Health and well-being which is made up of four factors ‘physical, intellectual, emotional and social ' (Jones, 2016), will also be discussed within the essay. The definition of attachment is ‘an act of attaching or the state of being attached. ' (Dictionary, 1400) This will be showed in the assignment, using theorists to analyse the meaning. Sharing the strengths and weaknesses in some theorists will help conclude this assignment.

EFT is an attachment based research theory, that suggest that couples have strong need to stay connected (bond) to each other. As such, bonding is very important in marital relationships and if the bond is disappearing, then stressful and negative cycle pattern begins to emerge. Thus, the goal of EFT is to support couples walk through a process of healing (overcoming the negative patterns, rebuilding the connection again, and fortify the bond) (Goldenberg, Stanton, & Goldenberg, 2017). From the assessment that has carried out by the therapist it is clear that Tam and Lisa do not have what it takes to manage or settle conflicts without it escalating into something else. As such, the bonding between them is disappearing and it’s becoming stressful and disturbing to them and their children. Because Jimmy and Emma even though do not see their parent fight or disagree in the open but they can sense the disconnection between their parent and feel the tension whenever both of them where at home. More so, because of the negative pattern that has emerge as a result of lack of secure attachment, there is no more interactions between the couple and each others needs are not met. From the case conceptualization, and to decide what treatment plan should target or focus on the therapist will use the step-by-step treatment manual provided by Johnson and Greenberg (1995) as cited in (Goldenberg et al., 2017) for the therapy process:

The attachment theory is a theory by Bowlby that refers to the joint mutual relationship that babies experience and develop with their primary caregiver (Bowlby, 1982). This theory is not supported by research in various sceneries. However, even though the attachment theory began as an initiative, the clinical application to the daily clinical understanding of adult mental health complications has penned red behind the current available research. I believe that the theory can give valuable insight into both the developing nature of recognized psychiatric disorders as well as in the development of the therapeutic relationship in adults. My position provides an overview of (a) the application of attachment theory to diverse psychopathologies

The Development of Attachment Theory and Its Strengths and Limitations English psychiatrist John Bowlby is a leading and influential figure within the history of social reform. His work has influenced social work policies and legislation relating to child psychiatry and psychology. Bowlby was trained as a psychoanalyst, and was influenced by Freudians theories, but became influenced again in his attachment theory by the work of ethologists. The ethologists theory concentrates on looking at the role parents play rather than only the child. Bowlby believes that parenting has strong ties with biology and it explains why there are such strong emotions attached.

Attachment theory is accepted by most psychologists and psychiatrists as the best explanation for how we develop the capacity to form relationships with others and relate to our environment. It asserts that the methods we use to relate to others, manage our needs, express our demands, and shape our expectations for the world are rooted in our relationships with our early caregivers. Through these interactions we learn to balance our feelings and need states with others and to establish our varying degrees of independence, dependence, power, and control. Attachment also impacts self-esteem through the experience of conflict with caregivers.

Attachment starts to develop since the women’s pregnancy, during this stage of human development the female starts to cultivate emotional attachment to the fetus. The method in which attachment is formed during gestation will eventually affect or enhance the child stance during pregnancy or even after birth. Attachment can be defined as the manner in which an infant creates an emotional connection between specific members. Attachment can be clearly detected, especially with the persons who are closer to the infant. In the article “Attachment Issues”, states the definition of attachment by theorist John Bowlby, and how attachment is constructed “Is not a one-time event, but a process that begins during birth and progress into the early

Depression during pregnancy is scarily something that is often overlooked. According to Clay (2016), mothers feel as if they are unable to care for the coming baby. These mothers may have one or more other kids and are worried about the care that they may receive, or lack thereof. Along with this, mothers may worry about their identity to the baby. Many people do not know just exactly what a Psychological disorder is. Along with this, the effects of attachment that are extremely beneficial to all age children. Depression is never something that should be taken lightly. Though it is widely overlooked, depression in pregnancy causes premature births in 82% of women.

Children who consistently display behavioral problems in the home and within a social context (Dunsmore, Booker, & Ollendick, 2013) characterize oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). According to Dunsmore, Booker, and Ollendick (2013), the widespread cases for ODD are “1 percent to 13 percent in children at the age of 6-17 years” (p. 444). Children with ODD have frequent explosive episodes of opposition, disputation, and antagonist behaviors that upset intercommunications with like-aged children, their own parents, and siblings (Dunsmore, et. al., 2013). Other evidence of ODD involves rage, quick agitation, and becoming nasty or revengeful (Dunsmore, Booker, Ollendick, & Greene, 2016). Oppositional defiant disorder links these children with the incapability to express feelings, connect and manage intimate relationships, and work within a team environment (Dunsmore, et. al., 2013). Children displaying behavioral problems lack the “parental emotional communication called emotion coaching than mothers of children without conduct problems” (Dunsmore, et. al., 2013, p. 445). However, once mothers of children with ODD undertake emotion coaching, then positive connections with others appear to surface for these children (Dunsmore, et. al., 2013). Therefore, integrating methods for “parental emotion coaching with evidence-based treatment programs” for troublesome behavioral disorders are likely to ameliorate

Assuming that a child or an adolescent who exhibits unwanted behaviors is grounds to label the individual with conduct disorder could cause potentially long-termed damage throughout his or her life. For that reason, it appears more and more children/or adolescence are being misdiagnosed, under-diagnosed or over-diagnosed due to the lack of deficient knowledge in mental health services. In addition, the Journal of family violence, implied that youth who have been predisposed to “multiple forms of developmentally adverse interpersonal trauma” (p.3) are more than likely prone to have problems with concentration (p.6). Consequently, causing the child or adolescent to behave in a destructive manner that professionals are often to quickly to diagnose the youth with attention deficit disorder or conduct disorder when in fact the youth may have posttraumatic stress disorder (Ford & Blaustein, 2013, p.

According to Seligman and Reichenberg (2014), “therapists should have a solid understanding of the multiple casual factors that lead to the development of…disorder” (p.78). As discussed previously, therapists need to consider a child’s past traumatic experiences before moving into treatment. With the knowledge of a child’s early attachment trauma, family dynamics, and attachment style the therapist is better able to meet the child where they are at. It is also recommended that therapists working with children with conduct disorder related symptomology may be “called on to develop behavioral strategies for changing negative behaviors and provide training in social skills and problem solving. Therefore knowledge of behavior therapies, family therapy, and psychoeducation is needed” (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014, p.79). In this excerpt, it seems that the therapist needs to be flexible to meet the needs of the child within a personal, family, social, and school-based setting. It also appears that working both within and in-between these domains of functioning are vital for positive therapeutic growth. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is also supported in research conducted by Copping et al. (2001) where this mode of therapy has been found to reduce conduct disorder related symptomology and overall social relations with peers. Within this framework, it is recommended that “therapists should not engage in win-lose battles, should not trust the adolescents’ portrayal of their own

In the case a early childhood trauma, attachment may also play a significant role in conduct disorder related symptomology. Related to attachment style, Barnett, Ganiban, and Cicchetti (1999) found that insecure-disorganized/disoriented (Type D attachment) had a significant impact on children’s negative expressivity over time (p. 97). Specifically, researchers have found that “children with Type D attachment have been found to be more likely than children with other patterns of attachment to have caregivers with unresolved loss or trauma (Barnett, Ganiban, & Cicchetti, 1999; Copping et al., 2001). Taking this attachment perspective into consideration, it can be argued that disorganized attachment styles, stemming from their parent’s own loss or trauma has an effect on behavior. This also appears to trigger a biological response from the child. Specifically, researchers have found that acute traumatic experiences trigger a child’s “heart rate and salivary cortisol responses to the Strange Situation compared to infants with secure attachments” (Barnett, Ganiban, & Cicchetti, 1999). It can be theorized in this case that the biological response seen with these children is also an acute behavioral response that may have resulted from instances of traumatic events. Effectively, these children appear to have a stress response to the Strange Situation dilemma that stems from previous traumatic

comfort to be of more importance; it is hard to prove if this is the

This study proposes to explore the ARC model of intervention for building resilience in children who are identified as having experienced complex trauma. Working with organizations who have just trained and begun implementation of the ARC model, we will identify 50 youth from five different organizations who will implement pre and post assessments of the Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment (IPPA). According to Black-Hughes and Stacy (2013), the IPPA is a highly reliable testing instrument for attachment. Because the goal of the study is to assess the impact of particular interventions, researchers must develop year long strategy for rolling admission of clients in the study.

Social media is a pervasive part of the world in which we live. One of the most controversial areas in psychology involves whether social media is beneficial or harmful to the psyche. The strength of the social bonds formed online as opposed to face-to-face friendships. Attachment refers to the dynamics between two individuals. It is measures by the quality of the relationship, the emotions felt, and a feeling of loss when that person is not in one's life anymore. The proposed measure will examine the facets and strength of adult attachment among friends who met online but that have never met in person.

Many psychologists have come and gone, and many different theoretical orientations have been developed. With each orientation has come a new perspective on development, behaviour and mental processes. Some are similar, yet others could not be more contradictory. Attachment is one such theoretical orientation, developed by John Bowlby out of his dissatisfaction with other existing theories. Although Bowlby rejected psychoanalytical explanations for early infant bonds, the theory of attachment was influenced in part by the principles of psychoanalysis; in particular the observations by Ana Freud and Dorothy Burlingham of young children separated from