The Australian and Chinese Cultures: A Comparative Analysis

A key difference of the aboriginal culture and the Chinese culture is the difference in the foundation ideology of power system, especially the respect for elders. Confucianism, as part of Chinese defining culture, requires ‘filial piety’ meaning the

Most females are not respected and are heavily pressured by their parents. Many Chinese women are expected to be in arranged marriages and are not respected in their family or the work-place. Woman that aren’t even born yet suffer from infanticide. If the parents came to find that they were having a girl from ultrasound- they would abort that child and try for a boy causing pre-birth ultrasounds to be banned. “Negative social consequences, particularly sex discrimination. With boys being viewed as culturally preferable, the practice of female infanticide was resumed in some areas shortly after the one-child policy took effect.” (Document E) “I hate to say it but the one-child policy should party be blamed for some social issues in youth today.” “She wished she has a brother or sister to share all the attention.” (Document F) This evidence supports the claim that the one-child policy was a bad policy because women have always been culturally no preferable, causing unborn females to be aborted.

As Mingliang states, “the Chinese preference for at least one son is well documented” (3). Having two sons in a family is very unusual in China. Due to the preferences of having sons, the abortion rates have increased. Abortion is well known in China, as is the “missing girls” phenomenon. Shaou, Dodge, and Suter argue that, “of the seven million abortions annually in China, the International Planned Parenthood Federation indicates that more than 70 percent are female unborn children”(4). This is a big percentage, and the number of girls in this country is decreasing every year. People are using different ways to limit the number of girls. Moreover, if a woman does not want to abort, she is forced to do so. Bluett argues that, “abortions are performed throughout the entire nine-month period, even up to the point of childbirth” (3), simply saying the increase in sex ration is caused mainly by son preference, which is as a tradition in China. It is significant to mention that because of the gender imbalance, younger generations are facing other problems. According to Bluett, “many males are left without a wife, which leads to an increase in human trafficking” (5). The one child policy is causing a lot of troubles and China has to make sure to reduce the negative effects of this policy.

Chinese Presence in Australia by Andrew Tran During the late 1800s, many Chinese came to Australia in search of freedom and wealth. However, when the Chinese arrived to Australia, they were treated with great hostility, racism and resentment from the European society. This was due to the very strange and unusual Chinese customs that the Australians/Europeans saw. Soon, the Australian government introduced the ‘White Australia Policy.’

Chinese people have been the majority of migrants in Australia. They have worked and have create their communities in Australia. Nowadays, there are a number of Chinese town in Australia and also, in Australian universities, many Chinese people are studying. In Australian history, it is well- known that many Chinese labours worked at gold mines. Also, under the White Australian Policy, they experienced racial discriminations. However, there is still some unknown history, that those Chinese migrants had experienced here in Australia. This essay will investigate historical facts, which Chinese migrants experienced the nineteenth century. Firstly, this essay will introduce several causes, which led the Chinese to go to Australia. Secondly, it will argue that the Chinese people were not welcomed migrants. Thirdly, it will explain how the Chinese migrants maintained their ethnic identity within Australia. Next, it will explain how the Chinese established their own community in order to maintain their own identities. Finally, it will examine that the Chinese race relationship with the Australian can be fit to the psychological theory of racism.

In the 19th Century, there was a significant increase of Chinese immigrants in Australia. By 1861, the Chinese community was already thriving, making up nearly 7% of the Victorian population. During this period, the Chinese came to Australia in search of Gold. The early settlers didn’t accept the Chinese because they were different in appearance and cultural practices, so they were forced into different camps.

‘Women produce children; women are mothers and wives; women do the cooking, cleaning, sewing and washing; they take care of men and are subordinate to male authority; they are largely excluded from high-status occupations and from positions of power.’ (Haralambous and Holborn 1995, Sociology Themes and Perspectives, HarperCollins Publishers) These stereotypes have come from our past and have now become quite frequently used in today’s society. Women have been seen as the maintainers of the household while the men go out to work and earn a living. “When our ancient ancestors switched to hunting as a way of life, the relationship between males and females was dramatically

The Australian culture is to value independence as well as equality in gender expectations. There are no clear gender-role expectations regarding independence and Australia does not have a feminine or masculine dominated culture. Women and men are allocated traditional gender roles within Australian society, which is to act out the masculine or feminine behaviours as constructed by the Australian culture. Femininity is associated with traits such as compliant, cooperative, forgiving, intuitive and understanding. Masculinity in generally associated with traits such as assertive, decisive, egocentric, logical and practical. The Australian culture is one of person-oriented families, which are families which value equal power

In 1979, China decided to establish a one child policy which states that couples are only allowed to have one child, unless they meet certain exceptions[1].In order to understand what social impacts the one child policy has created in China it important to evaluate the history of this law. China’s decision to implement a Child policy has caused possible corruption, an abuse of women’s rights, has led to high rates of female feticide, has created a gender ratio problem for China, and has led to specific problems associated with both the elderly and younger generation. Finally, an assessment of why China’s one child policy is important to the United States allows for a full evaluation of the policy.

Tibetan’s make up 2.1% of the Australian population, which determines the group as a minority (Ashen.B.2012). The cultural group is particularly vulnerable due to being foreign born, religious symbols and are visibly different (Ashen.B.2012). Due to being vulnerable the cultural group would be harmed because of discrimination and cultural differences between Australians and Tibetan’s. To assist the Tibetan cultural group with the grief and the loss of a loved one there are Australian Tibetan organisations that can be contacted. A nurse would then have to gain the information from the organisations such as, Australian National University, South and West Asia Centre and Karuna Centre, before informing the patient and the patient’s family. The

To best compare and contrast my chosen CALD groups, the cultures of the Aboriginal and Chinese people, I focused my research and analysis on the dimensions of individualism vs collectivism and communitarianism.

Second, China's traditional culture system ideas about the nature of women has not been shaken, although a long time shouting slogans gender equality, but to establish gender equality and women's rights and cultural patterns have not really started. In the traditional culture of inertia, or the idea of men as the main link between the concept is still a mainstream society, "without issue for the big"

Mismanaging cultural differences can render otherwise successful managers and organisations ineffective when working across cultures. As stated byOsland (1990, p. 4) ``The single greatest barrier to business success is the one erected by culture''. Hofstede (1983) defines culture as "the mental programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another" (Hofstede 1983 p. 25). Through the comparison of Chinese culture and Australian culture using Hofstedes five cross-cultural dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, individualism, and long-term orientation an insightful view into the differences and similarities of the cultures can be obtained (Chong & Park 2003). Human Resource Management

With the unstoppable trend of globalisation, it becomes extremely significant for international businesses to have a thorough understanding of different cultures. Hofstede (1980, pp. 21-23) defines culture as ‘the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from another’. This essay examines Hofstede’s cultural framework and suggests that Hofstede’s cultural framework is an outstanding and authoritative tool to analyze culture differences. In this essay, cultural frameworks will be discussed firstly, following by a discussion of my cultural scores and background. Finally, recommendations on cross-cultural management between China and Australia will be provided.

Australia is both the smallest and oldest continent in the world, and it is the only country that is also a continent. [1] It is an island located between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific, just south of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. At 2,941,299 square miles, Australia is the sixth-largest country in the world and only about 150,000 square miles (about the size of Montana) smaller than the continental United States. Its interior land is a flat and sparsely populated desert, but as you move outward the climate changes to grassland, subtropical, tropical, and even temperate in the southeastern region. [1] While more than 70% of Australia is arid, the rest includes a variety of rich environments including flood plains,